Microbiology With Diseases By Taxonomy (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134832302
Author: Robert W. Bauman Ph.D.
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 3, Problem 11TMW
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The reason that there aren’t many drugs that act against bacterial cytoplasmic membrane.
Introduction:
A membrane that is present below the cell wall and glycocalyx is called cytoplasmic membrane. It is also known as plasma membrane or cell membrane. The thickness of plasma membrane is nearly
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We have many antimicrobial drugs to treat bacterial infections, but very few for viruses. Why is it so difficult to treat viral infections? Hint: What would the targets for the drugs be?
Important characteristics of antimicrobial drugs include:
a) readily delivered to the site of infection
b) high toxicity against microbial cells
c) do not cause serious side effects in humans
d) remains active in body tissues and fluids
e) all of the above
Broad-spectrum drugs target a wide variety of bacterial pathogens. Even when the broad-spectrum drug is capable of killing a target pathogen, it may not be the best treatment.
Which statement best explains why a broad spectrum drug might be an undesirable treatment choice?
Broad-spectrum antimicrobials are usually toxic to the host cells.
Broad-spectrum antimicrobials only work if they are used shortly after the infection begins.
Broad-spectrum antimicrobials may kill much of the normal microbiota.
Broad-spectrum antimicrobials are not able to kill bacteria that are in their log phase of growth.
Broad-spectrum antimicrobials may stimulate excess growth of the normal microbiota.
Chapter 3 Solutions
Microbiology With Diseases By Taxonomy (6th Edition)
Ch. 3 - Prob. 1TMWCh. 3 - In 1985, an Israeli scientist discovered the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3TMWCh. 3 - Prob. 4TMWCh. 3 - When the bacterium Escherichia coli is grown in a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6TMWCh. 3 - Prob. 7TMWCh. 3 - Prob. 8TMWCh. 3 - Prob. 9TMWCh. 3 - Prob. 10TMW
Ch. 3 - Prob. 11TMWCh. 3 - Colchicine is a drug that inhibits microtubule...Ch. 3 - Clinical Case Study The Big Game College sophomore...Ch. 3 - A cell may allow a large or charged chemical to...Ch. 3 - Which of the following statements concerning...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3MCCh. 3 - Which of the following is most associated with...Ch. 3 - Which of the following is not associated with...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6MCCh. 3 - Which of the following statements is true? a. The...Ch. 3 - Prob. 8MCCh. 3 - Prob. 9MCCh. 3 - Prob. 10MCCh. 3 - Prob. 11MCCh. 3 - Gram-positive bacteria _______________. a. have a...Ch. 3 - Endospores ________________. a. are reproductive...Ch. 3 - Prob. 14MCCh. 3 - Prob. 15MCCh. 3 - Match the structures on the left with the...Ch. 3 - Match the term on the left with its description on...Ch. 3 - Label the structures of the following prokaryotic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2VICh. 3 - Prob. 3VICh. 3 - Describe (or draw) an example of diffusion down a...Ch. 3 - Sketch, name, and describe three flagellar...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3SACh. 3 - Prob. 4SACh. 3 - A local newspaper writer has contacted you, an...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6SACh. 3 - Prob. 7SACh. 3 - Prob. 8SACh. 3 - Prob. 9SACh. 3 - Prob. 10SACh. 3 - Prob. 11SACh. 3 - Prob. 12SACh. 3 - Prob. 13SACh. 3 - Prob. 14SACh. 3 - Compare and contrast three types of passive...Ch. 3 - Contrast the following active processes for...Ch. 3 - Contrast symports and antiports.Ch. 3 - Describe the endosymbiotic theory. What evidence...Ch. 3 - A scientist develops a chemical that prevents...Ch. 3 - Methylene blue binds to DNA. What structures in a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3CTCh. 3 - Prob. 4CTCh. 3 - Prob. 5CTCh. 3 - Prob. 6CTCh. 3 - An electron micrograph of a newly discovered cell...Ch. 3 - An entry in a recent scientific journal reports...Ch. 3 - Prob. 9CTCh. 3 - A researcher treats a cell to block the function...Ch. 3 - After a man infected with the bacterium...Ch. 3 - Solutions hypertonic to bacteria and fungi are...Ch. 3 - Prob. 13CTCh. 3 - Prob. 14CTCh. 3 - Using the following terms, fill in the following...
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- Given that both human cells and pathogens synthesize proteins at ribosomal sites, how can antimicrobial agents that target this process be safe to use in humans?arrow_forwardList all the antibiotics in the above table that work through destroying the bacterial cell wall. (if there are none listed please state that)arrow_forwardWhat bacterial structural target would make an antibacterial drug selective for gram-negative bacteria? Provide one example of an antimicrobial compound that targets this structure.arrow_forward
- Changes in the bacterial genome can lead to resistance to antimicrobialdrugs. what the different ways that these changes in the DNA occur?arrow_forwardAnswer all of the questions 1. Which of the following antimicrobial drugs target DNA/RNA synthesis? a) Ciprofloxacin b) Sulfa drugs c) Gentamycin d) Penicilline) Polymyxin B 2. Which of the following antimicrobial drugs target protein synthesis? a) Ciprofloxacin b) Sulfa drugs c) Gentamycin d) Penicilline) Polymyxin B 3. true or false: Streptococcus is killed by growing on blood agar.arrow_forwardSelective toxicity of a drug refers to a) damage to pathogenic organisms only b) damage to prokaryotic cell membranes c) damage to the target organisms but not the host cell d) easily broken down by the host and pathogen.arrow_forward
- Technically speaking, which antimicrobial drugs are produced naturally? Biofilms Antibiotics Semisynthetics Syntheticsarrow_forwardWhy might clinical medicine have an interest in understanding bacterial cell division at the molecular level? Explain why a hyperthermophile would probably not be a human pathogen. Describe four factors that may have an influence on the effectiveness of an antimicrobial treatment. Explain why 70% or 80% alcohol is more effective than 100% alcohol in controlling microorganisms.arrow_forwardSome bacteria produce the enzyme penicillinase, which breaks the beta-lactam ring in the penicillin molecule and converts it into penicilloic acid, which is harmless to bacteria. This is an example of which of the following mechanisms of antibiotic resistance? which option below is the answer? Destruction or inactivation of the antibiotic by the microbe Preventing penetration to the target site within the microbe Alteration of the drug’s target site(s) within the microbe None of the other four answers are correct Rapid ejection (pumping) of the drug out of the microbial cellarrow_forward
- Could an organism that is susceptible to an antimicrobial agent in laboratory testing fail to respond to it when that drug is used to treat the patient? Explain.arrow_forwardThe ribosome is the target for many important antibiotics. These drugs must discriminate between bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes to achieve drug specificity and toxicity. For the two common antibiotics below, what is their mechanism of action and why are they more toxic to bacteria than eukaryotes? a) Tetracycline b) Erythromycinarrow_forwardWhy is the effectiveness of an antimicrobial agent determined using an exponentially growing bacterial culture? Please explain.arrow_forward
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USMLE-Rx Antimicrobial Therapy; Author: USMLE-Rx;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pka1Ynlrqtw;License: Standard Youtube License