BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 29, Problem 1S
You have access to the sequenced genomes for moss and the lycophyte selaginella. Your goal in analyzing the data is to write a groundbreaking paper that answers an important question about the evolution of land plants. What question would you try to answer1
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A consortium of dairy and beef farmers has hired you to study the evolutionary origins of domestic cattle. They particularly want to know whether the humped zebu cattle of Asia and the cattle of Africa are derived from different species of wild cattle than European breeds. Outline a complete research program to study this question. Describe the sequence of steps you would need to do, what kind of data you would collect, and the methods you could use to evaluate possible trees and branches.
Constructing a Phylogenetic Tree
Now, you are going to create and the interpret your own phylogenetic tree. Take a look at the characteristics for these organisms.
Seeds?
Plant Group
Photosynthesis?
Water-conducting Tissue?
Flowers?
Ferns
X
Gymnosperms
Mosses
X
Angiosperms
X
Using the characteristics from the table above, determine where each of these organisms belongs on the tree below, then answer the questions.
D
В
Which plant group belongs at position "B"?
mosses
gymnosperms
angiosperms
ferns
A botanist is studying the phylogenetic relationships of plants using only their their morphological traits. Would specialized plants (like desert
or rainforest plants) complicate this process, why or why not?
Select all that apply
Select all that apply:
a. Yes; they often appear similar but are not closely related to each
other
Ob.
Yes; their traits are similar to plants across many environments
c.
No; their traits are shared by a common ancestor
Od. Yes; they gained different traits than their close relatives
because of their environment
cross out
cross out
cross out
cross out
Chapter 29 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 29.1 - Explain the relationship between the different...Ch. 29.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 29.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 29.1 - Prob. 4LOCh. 29.2 - Describe adaptations of bryophytes for life on...Ch. 29.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 29.3 - Evalute the signification of roots, stems, and...Ch. 29.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 29.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 29.5 - Prob. 1LO
Ch. 29.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 29 - Compare the amount of time that passed between the...Ch. 29 - Explain why tracheophytes may have had a selective...Ch. 29 - Which of the following plant structures is NOT...Ch. 29 - Which of the following genera most likely directly...Ch. 29 - Which of the following would NOT be found in a...Ch. 29 - Prob. 4UCh. 29 - Evolutionary innovations that increase desiccation...Ch. 29 - Which of the following statements about the...Ch. 29 - Compare what happens to a spore mother cell as it...Ch. 29 - How could a plant without roots obtain sufficient...Ch. 29 - A major innovation of land plants is embryo...Ch. 29 - In comparing the Selaginella and Physcomitrella...Ch. 29 - Prob. 5ACh. 29 - Identify which of the following statements is...Ch. 29 - You have access to the sequenced genomes for moss...Ch. 29 - Would you expect the sporophyte generation of a...Ch. 29 - Imagine hypothetical moss and fern trees, each 10...
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- You are asked to survey an area and identify all plant and animal species you come across. On your survey, you come across a plant you are not familiar with and must do some research to figure out what it is. To do this, your first step is to determine whether this plant is classified in the class Monocotyledonae or a Eudicotyledonae. Explain how you can tell if this plant is a Monocot or Eudicot by describing the differences in their flowers, seeds, roots, stems, and leaves. 1.arrow_forwardEvaluate the following statements about seeds from two biology textbooks: I. The seed coat is an adaptation that protects the plant embryo from damage, water loss, and infection. II. Evolution has come up with a clever solution for protecting plant embryos: seed coats that prevent damage, water loss, and infection. Do these statements accurately represent the evolution of seeds? a) Yes, both statements are accurate. b) No, neither statement is accurate. c) Only the first statement is accurate.arrow_forwardConstructing a Phylogenetic Tree Now, you are going to create and the interpret your own phylogenetic tree. Take a look at the characteristics for these organisms. Plant Group Photosynthesis? Seeds? Water-conducting Tissue? Flowers? Ferns X Gymnosperms Mosses Angiosperms X Using the characteristics from the table above, determine where each of these organisms belongs on the tree below, then answer the questions. D A В Being able to do photosynthesis is an example of a: O shared derived character O shared ancestral characterarrow_forward
- Review the life cycles of the three major plant groups (bryophyte or non-vascular plants, seedless vascular plants, and seed plants). Be able to identify the gametophyte and sporophyte generations in each plant group. Make one graph that shows patterns of changes in the following characteristics, as the different plant groups (bryophytes or non-vascular plants, seedless vascular plants, and seed plants) appeared or evolved on land through time. 1) size of the gametophyte generation 2) size of the sporophyte generation 3) biomass (amount of organic material) stored in the sporophyte 4) degree of dependence on water for fertilization Make sure the y- and x- axes of the graph, labels and title are included and correctly applied.arrow_forwardConstructing a Phylogenetic Tree Now, you are going to create and the interpret your own phylogenetic tree. Take a look at the characteristics for these organisms. Plant Group Photosynthesis? Seeds? Water-conducting Tissue? Flowers? Ferns X Gymnosperms Mosses Angiosperms Using the characteristics from the table above, determine where each of these organisms belongs on the tree below, then answer the questions. A В What characteristic appears just before group C branches off (the starred location)? flowers water conducting tissue seeds O photosynthesisarrow_forwardPhylogenetic trees are used to show the evolutionary relationships among various biological species and are usually based upon shared derived characters. In constructing phylogenetic trees, it is useful to first draw up a character table to show the presence or absence of characters among the various groups of organisms being studied. a. Draw up a character table based upon the following shared derived characters of land plants: flowers, seeds, vascular tissues, and dependent embryos. Your character table must include the names/descriptions of the plant groups that are being characterized. b. Construct a phylogenetic tree based on this data.arrow_forward
- Phylogenetic analyses of land plants and their close relatives determined that the land plants form a monophyletic group (pass one-snip-test). This suggests, Select one: O a. There was a single transition from aquatic to terrestrial habitats b. Flowering plants arose first O c. No changes have occurred in lands plants since they transition to a terrestrial habitat O d. Wind-pollinated plants arose first e. There were many transitions from aquatic to terrestrial habitatsarrow_forwardExplain why plants being polyploid makes using the phylogenetic species concept difficult to use. Be sure to explain how the phylogenetic species concept attempts to classify organisms into distinct species. How can scientists still use the phylogenetic species concept to classify land plants, despite the majority being polyploid? (What do they do to get around this problem?)arrow_forwardLinnaeus is considered as father of taxonomy. Name two other botanists known for their contribution to the field of plant taxonomy?arrow_forward
- Clausen and colleagues proposed two hypotheses to explain this variation within a species: (1) There are genetic differences between populations of plants found at different elevations. (2) The species has developmental flexibility and can assume tall or short growth forms, depending on local abiotic factors. If you had seeds from yarrow plants found at low and high elevations, what experiments would you perform to test these hypotheses? Select the three experiments.arrow_forwardNow you will practice identifying the phylogenetic tree that corresponds to a given character table. The following table shows three key events in the evolution of plants: the development of vascular tissue, the development of flowers, and the development of seeds. Plant groups Vascular Tissue Flowers Seeds Gymnosperms 1 0 1 Mosses 0 0 0 Ferns 1 0 0 Angiosperms 1 1 1 Select the phylogenetic tree that correctly represents the data in the character table.arrow_forwardWhat are trumpet cells in brown algae? What type of cells do they resemble in true plants? Is their presence in brown algae a sign that brown algae are related to the ancestors of true plants, or is it just a remarkable case of convergent evolution?arrow_forward
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