The class to which the glucagon hormone belongs has to be identified. Concept Introduction: Amino acids: Amino acids are compounds having both − N H 2 and − C O O H groups in the specific alkyl chain corresponding to the each amino acid. Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by the cell in endocrine system and are transported along the blood to stimulate the target cells having the corresponding receptors. Hormones are of three types, 1. Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group , carboxylic acid group, amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom. 2. Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain. 3. Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 28, Problem 28.57AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class to which the glucagon hormone belongs has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amino acids: Amino acids are compounds having both −NH2 and −COOH groups in the specific alkyl chain corresponding to the each amino acid.

Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by the cell in endocrine system and are transported along the blood to stimulate the target cells having the corresponding receptors.

Hormones are of three types,

1. Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.

2. Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.

3. Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class to which thyroxine hormone belongs has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amino acids: Amino acids are compounds having both −NH2 and −COOH groups in the specific alkyl chain corresponding to the each amino acid.

Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by the cell in endocrine system and are transported along the blood to stimulate the target cells having the corresponding receptors.

Hormones are of three types,

1. Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.

2. Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.

3. Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class to which estradiol belongs has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amino acids: Amino acids are compounds having both −NH2 and −COOH groups in the specific alkyl chain corresponding to the each amino acid.

Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by the cell in endocrine system and are transported along the blood to stimulate the target cells having the corresponding receptors.

Hormones are of three types,

1. Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.

2. Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.

3. Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.

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All of the following hormones are properly classified EXCEPT (use the table below for general characteristics) (A) thyroxin-arachidonic acid (B) thromboxanes-arachidonic acid derivatives (C) estrogen-steroid (cholesterol based) (D) growth hormone-small protein (< 200 amino acid) (E) norepinephrine- amino acid derivative

1) Why are steroid hormones unable to be stored in secretory vesicles? 2) Other than increasing hormone solubility, describe two other consequences of hormones binding to binding proteins.

26) Which of the following hormones is categorized incorrectly? A) Testosterone-steroid B) Insulin-peptide.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 28, Problem 28.57AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class to which the glucagon hormone belongs has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amino acids: Amino acids are compounds having both −NH2 and −COOH groups in the specific alkyl chain corresponding to the each amino acid.

Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by the cell in endocrine system and are transported along the blood to stimulate the target cells having the corresponding receptors.

Hormones are of three types,

1. Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.

2. Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.

3. Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class to which thyroxine hormone belongs has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amino acids: Amino acids are compounds having both −NH2 and −COOH groups in the specific alkyl chain corresponding to the each amino acid.

Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by the cell in endocrine system and are transported along the blood to stimulate the target cells having the corresponding receptors.

Hormones are of three types,

1. Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.

2. Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.

3. Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class to which estradiol belongs has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amino acids: Amino acids are compounds having both −NH2 and −COOH groups in the specific alkyl chain corresponding to the each amino acid.

Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by the cell in endocrine system and are transported along the blood to stimulate the target cells having the corresponding receptors.

Hormones are of three types,

1. Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.

2. Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.

3. Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 28, Problem 28.57AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class to which the glucagon hormone belongs has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amino acids: Amino acids are compounds having both −NH2 and −COOH groups in the specific alkyl chain corresponding to the each amino acid.

Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by the cell in endocrine system and are transported along the blood to stimulate the target cells having the corresponding receptors.

Hormones are of three types,

1. Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.

2. Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.

3. Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class to which thyroxine hormone belongs has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amino acids: Amino acids are compounds having both −NH2 and −COOH groups in the specific alkyl chain corresponding to the each amino acid.

Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by the cell in endocrine system and are transported along the blood to stimulate the target cells having the corresponding receptors.

Hormones are of three types,

1. Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.

2. Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.

3. Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class to which estradiol belongs has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amino acids: Amino acids are compounds having both −NH2 and −COOH groups in the specific alkyl chain corresponding to the each amino acid.

Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by the cell in endocrine system and are transported along the blood to stimulate the target cells having the corresponding receptors.

Hormones are of three types,

1. Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.

2. Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.

3. Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 28, Problem 28.57AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class to which the glucagon hormone belongs has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amino acids: Amino acids are compounds having both −NH2 and −COOH groups in the specific alkyl chain corresponding to the each amino acid.

Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by the cell in endocrine system and are transported along the blood to stimulate the target cells having the corresponding receptors.

Hormones are of three types,

1. Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.

2. Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.

3. Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class to which thyroxine hormone belongs has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amino acids: Amino acids are compounds having both −NH2 and −COOH groups in the specific alkyl chain corresponding to the each amino acid.

Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by the cell in endocrine system and are transported along the blood to stimulate the target cells having the corresponding receptors.

Hormones are of three types,

1. Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.

2. Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.

3. Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class to which estradiol belongs has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amino acids: Amino acids are compounds having both −NH2 and −COOH groups in the specific alkyl chain corresponding to the each amino acid.

Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by the cell in endocrine system and are transported along the blood to stimulate the target cells having the corresponding receptors.

Hormones are of three types,

1. Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.

2. Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.

3. Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.

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Answer 5

Chapter 28, Problem 28.57AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class to which the glucagon hormone belongs has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amino acids: Amino acids are compounds having both −NH2 and −COOH groups in the specific alkyl chain corresponding to the each amino acid.

Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by the cell in endocrine system and are transported along the blood to stimulate the target cells having the corresponding receptors.

Hormones are of three types,

1. Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.

2. Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.

3. Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class to which thyroxine hormone belongs has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amino acids: Amino acids are compounds having both −NH2 and −COOH groups in the specific alkyl chain corresponding to the each amino acid.

Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by the cell in endocrine system and are transported along the blood to stimulate the target cells having the corresponding receptors.

Hormones are of three types,

1. Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.

2. Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.

3. Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class to which estradiol belongs has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amino acids: Amino acids are compounds having both −NH2 and −COOH groups in the specific alkyl chain corresponding to the each amino acid.

Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by the cell in endocrine system and are transported along the blood to stimulate the target cells having the corresponding receptors.

Hormones are of three types,

1. Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.

2. Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.

3. Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.

Answer 6

Chapter 28, Problem 28.57AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class to which the glucagon hormone belongs has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amino acids: Amino acids are compounds having both −NH2 and −COOH groups in the specific alkyl chain corresponding to the each amino acid.

Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by the cell in endocrine system and are transported along the blood to stimulate the target cells having the corresponding receptors.

Hormones are of three types,

1. Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.

2. Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.

3. Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.

Answer 7

Chapter 28, Problem 28.57AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class to which the glucagon hormone belongs has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amino acids: Amino acids are compounds having both −NH2 and −COOH groups in the specific alkyl chain corresponding to the each amino acid.

Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by the cell in endocrine system and are transported along the blood to stimulate the target cells having the corresponding receptors.

Hormones are of three types,

1. Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.

2. Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.

3. Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class to which thyroxine hormone belongs has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amino acids: Amino acids are compounds having both −NH2 and −COOH groups in the specific alkyl chain corresponding to the each amino acid.

Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by the cell in endocrine system and are transported along the blood to stimulate the target cells having the corresponding receptors.

Hormones are of three types,

1. Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.

2. Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.

3. Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class to which thyroxine hormone belongs has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amino acids: Amino acids are compounds having both −NH2 and −COOH groups in the specific alkyl chain corresponding to the each amino acid.

Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by the cell in endocrine system and are transported along the blood to stimulate the target cells having the corresponding receptors.

Hormones are of three types,

1. Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.

2. Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.

3. Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class to which estradiol belongs has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amino acids: Amino acids are compounds having both −NH2 and −COOH groups in the specific alkyl chain corresponding to the each amino acid.

Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by the cell in endocrine system and are transported along the blood to stimulate the target cells having the corresponding receptors.

Hormones are of three types,

1. Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.

2. Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.

3. Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The class to which estradiol belongs has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amino acids: Amino acids are compounds having both −NH2 and −COOH groups in the specific alkyl chain corresponding to the each amino acid.

Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by the cell in endocrine system and are transported along the blood to stimulate the target cells having the corresponding receptors.

Hormones are of three types,

1. Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.

2. Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.

3. Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 28.1 - While thinking about how a messenger molecule and...Ch. 28.2 - Prob. 28.2P Ch. 28.2 - Prob. 28.3P Ch. 28.2 - Prob. 28.4P Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 28.5P Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 28.6KCP Ch. 28.4 - Prob. 28.7P Ch. 28.4 - Look at the structure of thyroxine shown earlier...Ch. 28.4 - Prob. 28.1CIAP Ch. 28.4 - Prob. 28.2CIAP

Solution Summary: The author explains that the class to which glucagon hormone belongs has to be identified.

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Chapter 28 Solutions