To review:
The sequence of events that are responsible for initiating lactation:
__Estrogen and progesterone levels decrease when placenta is expelled and prolactin stimulates milk production.
__In the last month of pregnancy, placental estrogen, progesterone, and placental lactogen stimulate the production of prolactin.
__ Estrogen and prolactin stimulate the acini in the mammary gland to grow and the lactiferous ducts to branch.
__Oxytocin binds to the myoepithelial cells in the mammary glands and causes them to contract and eject milk.
Introduction:
Lactation is the production and release of breastmilk. It is under the regulation of secretions from a variety of endocrine glands. Breastfeeding is the feeding of milk to the young ones through the mother’s breast. This is also known as nursing. Breastfeeding is started during the first hour of childbirth and continues for at least six months. The mother’s milk is highly nutritive. It enhances the immunity of a newborn child.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 27 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
- Prenatal development is the time from fertilization to birth and includes both embryonic and fetal periods. It is divided into period of three calendar months called trimester. Describe the major events of each trimester.arrow_forwardAt the midpoint of the menstrual cycle, estrogen promotes a sudden surge of LH from the pituitary. What would be the consequence of an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) in the environment that mimics estrogen and is present throughout the cycle? Group of answer choices pituitary hyperplasia (cell growth) cancer development uterine contractions ovulation would not occur cervical dilationarrow_forwardThe term “progesterone” means “for gestation (or pregnancy).” Describe how progesterone helps prepare the female body for pregnancy and helps maintain pregnancy.arrow_forward
- Right before the ovulation, the maturate follicle secretes high levels of estrogen which switches from negative to positive feedback regulation of the HPG axis. Positive feedback regulation of estrogen will result in __________ of estrogen levels, leading to an ____________ surge further increase; progesterone further increase; LH decrease; progesterone decrease, LHarrow_forwardFor each hormone, select whether the hormone is increasing or decreasing at the beginning of parturition. In addition, select the correct effect that the change in hormone secretion causes. Hormone Levels Resulting Effect Increasing Decreasing Causes the endometrial layer to break away from the uterus Causes the endometrial layer to be maintained Increases uterine contractions Decreases uterine contractions Increases milk production in the mother's breasts Decrease milk production in the mother's breasts Hormone Hormone Levels Resulting Effect Estrogen Progesterone Oxytocin Prostaglandins Prolactinarrow_forwardThe endometrium thickens during the uterine cycle, but disintegrates if the egg is not fertilized. The disintegration and shedding of the endometrium is caused by a drop in progesterone levels an increase in estrogen levels by increase in human chorionic gonadotropin levels a drop in prolactin levelsarrow_forward
- The male hormones are produced over a lifetime. That explains why a man can father a child well into his eighties . A female's reproductive cycle is just that, a cycle. It begins at puberty, or menarche, and ends at menopause, until the release of an ova from the last follicle. Describe the female reproductive cycle, the hormones involved, and what each one doesarrow_forwardWhich of the following are hormones that influence puberty? Select all that apply. Relaxin Luteinizing hormone O Prostaglandin Testosterone Follicle-stimulating hormonearrow_forwardNumber in correct order (1–6) from the earliest to the latest stage of development. ________ corpus albicans ________ corpus luteum ________ mature (graafian) follicle ________ primary follicle ________ primordial follicle ________ secondary folliclearrow_forward
- Use the following information to answer the next question. Have you ever watch an old movie or television show where the expression "the rabbit died" meant that a woman was pregnant? The "rabbit test" was developed 1931. The test involved injecting urine of the woman being tested into a female rabbit and then examining the rabbit's ovaries a few days later. A hormone in the urine of a pregnant woman would cause follicles in the rabbit's ovaries to mature and release the ovum. The injected rabbit had to be surgically opened to examine the ovaries for the structure remaining after ovulation and would die whether the woman was pregnant or not. Today's pregnancy tests do not require the killing of an animal, and results are determined in a matter of minutes rather than days. However, the same hormone involves in both tests. Identify the row that depicts the hormones present in the urine of a pregnant woman, the female reproductive hormone that it mimics in early pregnancy, and the…arrow_forwardClomiphene Citrate is a fertility drug that stimulates hypothalamic secretion of Gonadotropin releasing Hormone (GnRH) in females and induces ovulation. Explain how increased GnRH with Clomiphene Citrate treatment would affect follicle maturation and ovulation in women (explain how increased GnRH would affect FSH, LH, Estrogen, and ovulation).arrow_forwardList the major hormone levels that change during pregnancy and their major functions during pregnancy.arrow_forward
- Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative a...NursingISBN:9781305964792Author:Wilburta Q. Lindh, Carol D. Tamparo, Barbara M. Dahl, Julie Morris, Cindy CorreaPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning