Concept explainers
Interpretation:
To determine the number of B vitamins needed in the degradation pathways for the carbon skeletons of the 20 standard amino acids.
Concept introduction:
Amino acids are the main building blocks of proteins. Amino acids that participate in peptide bond synthesis in proteins are known as standard amino acids. There are 20 standard amino acids. Each amino acid has a different carbon skeleton and has a different degradation pathway for its carbon skeleton. However, different degradation pathway does not result in the production of 20 different products.
The degradation pathways for different amino acids merge in between and result in the formation of only 7 products. The 7 products are
Coenzymes are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Coenzymes cannot perform on their own alone.
The coenzymes containing B-vitamin serve as temporary carriers of atoms or functional groups in the redox and group transfer reactions associated with the metabolism of ingested food in order to obtain energy from the food.
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
- Which of the following statements concerning the degradation of standard amino acid carbon skeletons is correct? a. Each type of carbon skeleton is degraded to a different product. b. All carbon skeletons are degraded to the same product. c. Each type of carbon skeleton is degraded by a different metabolic pathway. d. no correct responsearrow_forwardHow many of the standard amino acids are biosynthesized in adequate amounts in an adult human body? a. 5 b. 9 c. 10 d. no correct responsearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements concerning the bile pigments produced from the degradation of the heme portion of hemoglobin is incorrect? a. They are responsible for the yellow color of urine. b. They are responsible for the brown color of feces. c. They are responsible for the yellow color of jaundiced skin. d. no correct responsearrow_forward
- The enzymes that convert disaccharides to monosaccharides are associated with a. intestinal villi b. intestinal mucosal cells c. the pancreas d. no correct responsearrow_forwardThe two best-known peptide hormones present in the human body are a. oxytocin and vasopressin b. Met-enkephalin and Leu-enkephalin c. vasopressin and ADH d. no correct responsearrow_forwardThe dominant use for the amino acids of the amino acid pool is the synthesis of a. proteins b. nonprotein nitrogen compounds c. nonessential amino acids d. no correct responsearrow_forward
- The most abundant amino acid in the amino acid pool is a. alanine b. aspartate c. glutamate d. no correct responsearrow_forwardTwo different proteins that contain the same number of each of the various standard amino acids a. is a structural impossibility b. must have the same primary structure c. cannot have the same primary structure d. no correct responsearrow_forwardIn the degradation of heme, the iron atom present is released and then a. eliminated from the body in the urine b. captured by the iron-storage protein ferritin c. captured by the B vitamin niacin d. no correct responsearrow_forward
- General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,