Biology: Concepts and Investigations
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260259049
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 26, Problem 8WIO
Sketch a synapse: label the axon and synaptic terminal of the presynaptic cell, the postsynaptic cell, the synaptic cleft, the synaptic vesicles, and the receptor proteins.
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Arrange the events that occur during synaptic transmission. Use letters A-F to denote the
correct sequence. Use the diagram on the right as a clue.
Example:
SENDING
NEURON
B 1. lon channel opens
Synepto
SYNAPSE
1. lon channel opens
2. Neurotransmitter is released into synaptic
cleft
SYNAPTIC
CLEFT
RECEVING
HEURC4
Neurotransmitter
3. Vesicle fuses with plasma membrane
Jon chennels
Neurotransmtter
Reseptor
deurotranemitter brohen
down and sa sd
4. Neurotransmitter binds to receptor
BOns
前
命
5. Action potential arrives
6. lon channel closes
the obeicos in the bo y belo M (A n
Which types of patch clamp technique should be used if you want to determine if a particular compound is influencing synaptic transmission presynaptically or post synaptically?
Given the steps shown below, which of the following is the correct sequence for transmission at a
chemical synapse?
1. neurotransmitter binds with receptor
2. sodium ions rush into neuron's cytoplasm
3. action potential depolarizes the presynaptic membrane
4. ion channel opens to allow particular ion to enter cell
5. synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft
O 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
O 5, 1, 2, 4, 3
O 2, 3, 5, 4, 1
O4, 3, 1, 2, 5
O 3, 2, 5, 1, 4
Chapter 26 Solutions
Biology: Concepts and Investigations
Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 1MCCh. 26.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26.1 - Prob. 3MCCh. 26.2 - Prob. 1MCCh. 26.2 - Where is the myelin sheath located?Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 3MCCh. 26.2 - What are the functions of each of the three...Ch. 26.3 - Describe the forces that maintain the distribution...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26.3 - Prob. 3MC
Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 4MCCh. 26.3 - What prevents action potentials from spreading in...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 6MCCh. 26.3 - How do myelin and the nodes of Ranvier speed...Ch. 26.4 - Describe the structure of a synapse.Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26.4 - Prob. 3MCCh. 26.4 - Prob. 4MCCh. 26.5 - Prob. 1MCCh. 26.5 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26.5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 26.5 - Prob. 4MCCh. 26.6 - Prob. 1MCCh. 26.6 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26.6 - Prob. 3MCCh. 26.6 - List some structures that protect the central...Ch. 26.6 - Prob. 5MCCh. 26.7 - The researchers conducted a behavioral experiment...Ch. 26.7 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26 - Some cells of the central nervous system are...Ch. 26 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 26 - What event triggers an action potential? a....Ch. 26 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 26 - Damage to the surface tissue of the spinal cord...Ch. 26 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 26 - Describe some invertebrate nervous systems. Why do...Ch. 26 - Prob. 2WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 3WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 4WIOCh. 26 - What is the connection between the threshold...Ch. 26 - Write a nonbiological analogy for resting...Ch. 26 - Prob. 7WIOCh. 26 - Sketch a synapse: label the axon and synaptic...Ch. 26 - Describe the events that occur at a synapse when a...Ch. 26 - Prob. 10WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 11WIOCh. 26 - Cerebral palsy is a nervous system disorder that...Ch. 26 - Traumatic brain injury can occur when a person...Ch. 26 - Prob. 14WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 15WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 16WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 1PITCh. 26 - Prob. 2PITCh. 26 - PULL IT TOGETHER 4. Acid the somatic, autonomic,...
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- Which of the following are the likely explanations for the failure of a postsynaptic neuron to trigger an action potential? Select all that apply. The EPSPs are neutralized by the neurotransmitter The summation of IPSPs and EPSPs is insufficient to depolarize the cell to threshold The synapses generating the EPSPs are too close to the axon hillock The synapses generating the EPSPs are too far from the axon hillockarrow_forwardDraw a chain of two neurons that synapse on one another in sequence. Label the presynaptic and postsynaptic ends of each neuron, the cell bodies, dendrites, axons, axon hillock and axon terminals, location of voltage gated Ca²+ channels, location of voltage gated Na+ channels, location of voltage gated K* channels, location of Na*/ K+ pumps, location of neurotransmitter storage, location of neurotransmitter receptors. Consider your drawing and describe the function of neurons. Include an explanation why neurons are considered polarized cells and how this relates to their function. (Polarized here is not referring to membrane potential as all cells have a membrane potential). This means you will need to explain the location of different channels in the neuron and the relationship of the channels to the function of a neuron.arrow_forwardSynaptic transmission depends upon :- a-direct transmission of impulses from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic neuronb- diffusion of neurotransmitters from synaptic knobs into the soma and dendrites of postsynaptic neuronsc- presence of voltage-gated Ca ++ channels in membrane of synaptic knobsd- presence of voltage-gated Ca ++ channels in the subsynaptic membranearrow_forward
- A F B C- D Match the labelled synapse structure with the correct structure or function. Place the correct number in each blank. Use each letter only once. Synaptic vesicle containing the neurotransmitters Postsynaptic membrane of the dendrite Synaptic cleft Receptor site for the neurotransmitter on the dendrite Axon terminal Mitochondria, which supply ATP for synthesis of transmittersarrow_forwardOrganize the following steps into the correct signal transmission across a synapse. 1. Neurotransmitter molecules diffuse across the synaptic cleft 2. Neurotransmitter molecules bind to postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptors 3. Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter molecules 4. Impulse reaches the synaptic knob of the presynaptic neuronarrow_forwardDescribe how an action potential in the presynaptic neuron is generated in the postsynaptic neuron. Label the presynaptic neuron, postsynaptic neuron and synapse. Explain what is happening in figure on the left. Use key terms in order AND label on diagram: presynaptic axon terminal, action potential, calcium, vesicle, neurotransmitters, synapse Explain what is happening in the figure on the right. Use key terms in order AND label on diagram: neurotransmitter, postsynaptic receptor, sodium ions, excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), depolarization, action potential, postsynaptic neuronarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements concerning synapses is FALSE? O A) Modulation of synaptic strength can be presynaptic of postsynaptic B) High frequency stimulation in the presynaptic neuron often leads to DECREASED neurotransmitter release O C) Modulation of synaptic strength can either be short term, lasting seconds, or long term, lasting as long as a lifetime. D) Agonists are drugs that mimic neurotransmitters and antagonists are drugs that block the action of neurotransmitters O E) Certain drugs prevent the reuptake of neurotransmitter from the synapsearrow_forwardSummarize the steps in generating an action potential as a flowchart. You can make your flowchart on paper and take a picture of it, or make it electronically. Be sure you’ve included: the location in the neuron and components of the neuron involved, the types of cellular transport and ions involved, how action potentials can be stimulated and inhibited. you can get the information from this: https://youtu.be/HYLyhXRp298arrow_forwardF В C Match the labelled synapse structure with the correct structure or function. Place the correct number in each blank. Use each letter only once. : Synaptic vesicle containing the neurotransmitters * Postsynaptic membrane of the dendrite : Synaptic cleft • Receptor site for the neurotransmitter on the dendrite Axon terminal • Mitochondria, which supply ATP for synthesis of transmittersarrow_forward
- Correctly label the following parts of a chemical synapse. Receptor Neurosoma Axon Mitochondria Neurotransmitter release Dendrite Synaptic vesicles Synaptic cleft Axon terminal Reset Zoom 5 JAU CURIERarrow_forwardDepression is a condition in which sufferers may feel low mood, lack of motivation and sleep. It is caused by a lack of serotonin in the synaptic cleft of neurone pathways. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter. a) Describe how serotonin acts as a neurotransmitter. Using your understanding of synaptic transmission, explain how communication between neurones in serotonin pathways of the brain would be affected in someone with depression. b) Doctors use tubocurarine drug as an anaesthetic as it temporarily paralyses muscles. It blocks receptors at neuromuscular junctions. Why does this lead to paralysis?arrow_forwardLet’s say the synapses of a neuron’s dendrites are filled with glutamate-gated channels which, when activated by glutamate, cause an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) in the neuron. In one instance, glutamate is released at all of the synapses simultaneously and this leads to an action potential in the neuron. A) What type of summation of PSPs is this? Why? B) List the sequence of steps that occur starting from binding of glutamate to the glutamate-gated channels at the synapses and ending with the membrane potential at the axon hillock returning to resting potential at the end of the action potential. (Include all the changes in voltage-gated channels underlying the action potential.)arrow_forward
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