University Physics (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780133969290
Author: Hugh D. Young, Roger A. Freedman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 26, Problem 26.87PP
In a simple model of an axon
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Assume an axon has the same characteristics as the class example
except the radius of the axon is 0.005 mm and the membrane
thickness is 20.0 nm. The percentage fractional change in the
concentration of Na+ ions in the axon during one action potential is
%? Record the answer to the nearest one
thousandth.
The resistance of a material can be calculated with the following equation:
R = ρ L A
where ρ is the resistivity, L is the length, and A is the cross-sectional area. What is the resistance of an axon’s membrane segment with a length of 1 mm (enter your answer in units of M Ω)?
A myelinated axon conducts nerve impulses at a speed of 40 m/s. What is the signal speed if the thickness of the myelin sheath is halved but no other changes are made to the axon?
Chapter 26 Solutions
University Physics (14th Edition)
Ch. 26 - In which 120-V light bulb does the filament have...Ch. 26 - Two 120-V light bulbs, one 25-W and one 200-W,...Ch. 26 - You connect a number of identical light bulbs to a...Ch. 26 - In the circuit shown in Fig. Q26.4, three...Ch. 26 - If two resistors R1 and R2 (R2 R1) are connected...Ch. 26 - If two resistors R1 and R2 (R2 R1) are connected...Ch. 26 - A battery with no internal resistance is connected...Ch. 26 - A resistor consists of three identical metal...Ch. 26 - A light bulb is connected in the circuit shown in...Ch. 26 - A real battery, having nonnegligible internal...
Ch. 26 - If the battery in Discussion Question Q26.10 is...Ch. 26 - Consider the circuit shown in Fig. Q26.12. What...Ch. 26 - Is it possible to connect resistors together in a...Ch. 26 - The battery in the circuit shown in Fig. Q26.14...Ch. 26 - In a two-cell flashlight, the batteries are...Ch. 26 - Identical light bulbs A, B, and C are connected as...Ch. 26 - The emf of a flashlight battery is roughly...Ch. 26 - Will the capacitors in the circuits shown in Fig....Ch. 26 - Verify that the time constant RC has units of...Ch. 26 - For very large resistances it is easy to construct...Ch. 26 - When a capacitor, battery, and resistor are...Ch. 26 - A uniform wire of resistance R is cut into three...Ch. 26 - A machine part has a resistor X protruding from an...Ch. 26 - A resistor with R1 = 25.0 is connected to a...Ch. 26 - A 42- resistor and a 20- resistor are connected in...Ch. 26 - A triangular array of resistors is shown in Fig....Ch. 26 - For the circuit shown in Fig. E26.6 both meters...Ch. 26 - For the circuit shown in Fig. E26.7 find the...Ch. 26 - Three resistors having resistances of 1.60 , 2.40...Ch. 26 - Now the three resistors of Exercise 26.8 are...Ch. 26 - Power Rating of a Resistor. The power rating of a...Ch. 26 - In Fig. E26.11, R1, = 3.00 , R2 = 6.00 , and R3=...Ch. 26 - In Fig. E26.11 the battery has emf 35.0 V and...Ch. 26 - Compute the equivalent resistance of the network...Ch. 26 - Compute the equivalent resistance of the network...Ch. 26 - In the circuit of Fig. E26.15, each resistor...Ch. 26 - Consider the circuit shown in Fig. E26.16. The...Ch. 26 - In the circuit shown in Fig. E26.17, the voltage...Ch. 26 - In the circuit shown in Fig. E26.18, = 36.0 V,...Ch. 26 - CP In the circuit in Fig. E26.19, a 20.0- resistor...Ch. 26 - In the circuit shown in Fig. E26.20, the rate at...Ch. 26 - Light Bulbs in Series and in Parallel. Two light...Ch. 26 - Light Bulbs in Series. A 60-W, 120-V light bulb...Ch. 26 - In the circuit shown in Fig. E26.23, ammeter A1...Ch. 26 - The batteries shown in the circuit in Fig. E26.24...Ch. 26 - In the circuit shown in Fig. E26.25 find (a) the...Ch. 26 - Find the emfs 1 and 2 in the circuit of Fig....Ch. 26 - In the circuit shown in Fig. E26.27, find (a) the...Ch. 26 - In the circuit shown in Fig. E26.28, find (a) the...Ch. 26 - The 10.00-V battery in Fig. E26.28 is removed from...Ch. 26 - The 5.00-V battery in Fig. E26.28 is removed from...Ch. 26 - In the circuit shown in Fig. E26.31 the batteries...Ch. 26 - In the circuit shown in Fig. E26.32 both batteries...Ch. 26 - In the circuit shown in Fig. E26.33 all meters are...Ch. 26 - In the circuit shown in Fig. E26.34, the 6.0-...Ch. 26 - The resistance of a galvanometer coil is 25.0 ,...Ch. 26 - The resistance of the coil of a pivoted coil...Ch. 26 - A circuit consists of a series combination of...Ch. 26 - A galvanometer having a resistance of 25.0 has a...Ch. 26 - A capacitor is charged to a potential of 12.0 V...Ch. 26 - You connect a battery, resistor, and capacitor as...Ch. 26 - A 4.60-F capacitor that is initially uncharged is...Ch. 26 - You connect a battery, resistor, and capacitor as...Ch. 26 - CP In the circuit shown in Fig. E26.43 both...Ch. 26 - A 12.4-F capacitor is connected through a 0.895-M...Ch. 26 - An emf source with = 120 V, a resistor with R =...Ch. 26 - A resistor and a capacitor are connected in series...Ch. 26 - CP In the circuit shown in Fig. E26.47 each...Ch. 26 - A 1.50-F capacitor is charging through a 12.0-...Ch. 26 - In the circuit in Fig. E26.49 the capacitors are...Ch. 26 - A 12.0-F capacitor is charged to a potential of...Ch. 26 - In the circuit shown in Fig. E26.51, C = 5.90 F, ...Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.52ECh. 26 - A 1500-W electric beater is plugged into the...Ch. 26 - In Fig. P26.54, the battery has negligible...Ch. 26 - The two identical light bulbs in Example 26.2...Ch. 26 - Each of the three resistors in Fig. P26.56 has a...Ch. 26 - (a) Find the potential of point a with respect to...Ch. 26 - CP For the circuit shown in Fig. P26.58 a 20.0-...Ch. 26 - Calculate the three currents I1, I2, and I3...Ch. 26 - What must the emf in Fig. P26.60 be in order for...Ch. 26 - Find the current through each of the three...Ch. 26 - (a) Find the current through the battery and each...Ch. 26 - Consider the circuit shown in Fig. P26.63. (a)...Ch. 26 - In the circuit shown in Fig. P26.64, = 24.0 V,...Ch. 26 - In the circuit shown in Fig. P26.65, the current...Ch. 26 - In the circuit shown in Fig. P26.66 all the...Ch. 26 - Figure P26.67 employs a convention often used in...Ch. 26 - Three identical resistors are connected in series....Ch. 26 - A resistor R1 consumes electrical power P1 when...Ch. 26 - The capacitor in Fig. F26.70 is initially...Ch. 26 - A 2.00-F capacitor that is initially uncharged is...Ch. 26 - A 6.00-F capacitor that is initially uncharged is...Ch. 26 - Point a in Fig. P26.73 is maintained at a constant...Ch. 26 - The Wheatstone Bridge. The circuit shown in Fig....Ch. 26 - (See Problem 26.67.) (a) What is the potential of...Ch. 26 - A 2.36-F capacitor that is initially uncharged is...Ch. 26 - A 224- resistor and a 589- resistor are connected...Ch. 26 - A resistor with R = 850 is connected to the...Ch. 26 - A capacitor that is initially uncharged is...Ch. 26 - DATA You set up the circuit shown in Fig. 26.22a,...Ch. 26 - DATA You set up the circuit shown in Fig. 26.20....Ch. 26 - DATA The electronics supply company where you work...Ch. 26 - An Infinite Network. As shown in Fig. P26.83, a...Ch. 26 - Suppose a resistor R lies along each edge of a...Ch. 26 - BIO Attenuator Chains and Axons. The infinite...Ch. 26 - Assume that a typical open ion channel spanning an...Ch. 26 - In a simple model of an axon conducting a nerve...Ch. 26 - Cell membranes across a wide variety of organisms...
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- Several resistors in a circuit have a theoretical combined resistance of 107 ohms. When the resistance is found through measurements of voltage and current in the circuit, the value is 99 ohms. What is the percent error? 0.075% O 8.08% O 0.081% 7.18 %arrow_forwardThe amount of charge flowing through a particular conducting wire is represented by the equation q (t) = at³ + bt? +c, where a = 5 A/s?, b = 3 A/s, and c is an unknown constant. When t = 0.9s, the voltage across the wire is measured to be 12 V. What is the resistance of the wire in Ohms?arrow_forwardAn electrical circuit contains a capacitor of 52 picofarads and a resistor of 1344 ohms. If the capacitor is fully charged, and then the voltage is interrupted, in how much time will about 95% of its charge be transferred to the resistor?arrow_forward
- a) What was the smallest voltage required to produce a contraction (the threshold voltage)? What proportion of the fibers in the muscle do you think were contracting to produce this small response? b) What was the smallest voltage required to produce the maximum (largest) contraction? What proportion of the fibers in the muscle do you think were contracting to produce this maximal response?arrow_forwardAssume the length of an axon membrane of about 0.10 cm is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed ✕ pulse duration = 50 m/s ✕ 2.0 ms = 10 cm). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K+ ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = ??oA/d and Q = CΔV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell thickness d = 1.6 ✕ 10−8 m, axon radius r = 1.2 ✕ 101 ?m, and cell-wall dielectric constant ? = 2.3. A diagram shows a collection of positive and negative charges in and around an axon. The diagram is divided into three sections, one on top of the other. The top section is labeled "External fluid". A row of positive charges labeled "Positive charge layer" lies along the bottom side of this section. Above the row of positive charges, there is an even mixture of…arrow_forwardIn a simple electric circuit, Ohm's law states that V = IR, where V is the voltage in volts, I is the current in amperes, and R is the resistance in ohms. Assume that, as the battery wears out, the voltage decreases at 0.04 volts per second and, as the resistor heats up, the resistance is increasing at 0.02 ohms per second. When the resistance is 100 ohms and the current is 0.01 amperes, at what rate is the current changing? amperes per secondarrow_forward
- The equivalent capacitance of a circuit is 2.5µF with a total potential difference of 12V. What is the total charge and the charge in each capacitor?arrow_forwardThe velocity of spike propagation is proportional to the following combination of factors: 1 a C, V R„R, m Where a is the radius of the axon, Rm and R; are specific resistances of the membrane and the internal buffer, respectively. If we double the radius and simultaneously increase the concentration of salt inside the axon twice (i.e. R; decreases two times), by how many fold will the velocity change?arrow_forwardAssume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential length excited = nerve speed × pulse duration = 50.0 m/s × 0.0020 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with k* ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = ke,A/d and Q = CAV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.4 x 10-8 m, axon radius r = 1.4 x 101 um, and cell-wall dielectric constant k = 2.2.arrow_forward
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