The description of elution. Concept introduction: A definition is used to describe the meaning of a term and this term can be a word, phrase, or other sets of symbols. There are two types of definitions and they are intentional definitions, which try to give the sense of a term and extensional definitions, which proceed by listing the objects that a term describes.

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Answer 1

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Chapter 26, Problem 26.1QAP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of elution.

Concept introduction: A definition is used to describe the meaning of a term and this term can be a word, phrase, or other sets of symbols. There are two types of definitions and they are intentional definitions, which try to give the sense of a term and extensional definitions, which proceed by listing the objects that a term describes.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Elution is defined as the process of extracting the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of mobile phase.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In Chromatography two phases are present these are following.

Stationary phase
Mobile phase- The phase of chromatography which flow from the stationary phase of the chromatography and carry the component of the mixture with the phase.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of stationary phase.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

In chromatography two phases are present these are following.

Stationary phase- The solid or liquid phase of chromatography in which the solid material is absorbed which is separated from the mixture is called stationary phase.
Mobile phase

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of distribution constant.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(d)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

The ratio of concentration of the solute of the stationary phase of the chromatography to the concentration of the solute of the mobile phase of the chromatography is called distribution constant.

The expression of distribution constant is:

$K=( a A )S( a A )M$ ........ (I)

Here, the concentration of the solute of the stationary phase of the chromatography is $(aA)S$ and the concentration of the solute of the mobile phase of the chromatography is $(aA)M$ .

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of retention time.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(e)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The sum of the stationary phase time and the mobile phase time of chromatography is called retention time.

The expression of retention time is:

$tR=tS+tM$ ........ (II)

Here, the stationary phase time is $tS$ and the mobile phase time is $tM$ .

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the retention factor.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(f)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of the product of the distribution constant and the volume of the stationary phase of chromatography to the volume of the mobile phase of chromatography is called retention factor.

The expression of retention factor is:

$k=KVSVM$ ........ (III)

Here, the volume of the stationary phase of chromatography is $VS$ , the volume of the mobile phase of chromatography is $VM$ and the distribution constant is $K$ .

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the volumetric flow rate.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(g)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of volume of the fluid in the mobile phase of chromatography to the time needed to pass the volume of the fluid from the mobile phase of chromatography is called volume flow rate.

The expression of volume flow rate is:

$Q=dVdt$ ........ (IV)

Here, the volume of the fluid in the mobile phase of chromatography is $dV$ and the time needed to pass the volume of the fluid from the mobile phase of chromatography is $dt$ .

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the linear flow velocity.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(h)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The volumetric flow rate of the fluid per unit cross sectional area of the column from which the fluid is flow is called linear flow velocity.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of selectivity factor.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(i)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of the distribution constant of highly retained species of chromatography to the distribution constant of less retained species of chromatography is called selectivity factor.

The expression of selectivity factor is:

$α=KBKA$ ....... (V)

Here, the distribution constant of highly retained species of chromatography is $KB$ and the distribution constant of less retained species of chromatography is $KA$ .

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the plate height.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(j)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of the variance of chromatography to the length of the column is called plate height.

The expression of plate height is:

$H=σ2L$ ........ (VI)

Here, the variance of chromatography is $σ2$ and the length of the column is $L$ .

(k)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the column resolution.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(k)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In the chromatography, column is the pathway for the reaction to take place. The column resolution is obtained from the width of the first point and that of the second point.

The expression of Column resolution is:

$RS=2ΔZWA+WB$ ........ (VII)

Here, the width of the pick at first point is $WA$ and the width of the pick at second point is $WB$ .

(l)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the longitudinal diffusion.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(l)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The process of migration of solute from a concentrated centre of a band of chromatography to the dilute region in other side of chromatography is called longitudinal diffusion.

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Answer 2

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Chapter 26, Problem 26.1QAP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of elution.

Concept introduction: A definition is used to describe the meaning of a term and this term can be a word, phrase, or other sets of symbols. There are two types of definitions and they are intentional definitions, which try to give the sense of a term and extensional definitions, which proceed by listing the objects that a term describes.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Elution is defined as the process of extracting the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of mobile phase.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In Chromatography two phases are present these are following.

Stationary phase
Mobile phase- The phase of chromatography which flow from the stationary phase of the chromatography and carry the component of the mixture with the phase.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of stationary phase.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

In chromatography two phases are present these are following.

Stationary phase- The solid or liquid phase of chromatography in which the solid material is absorbed which is separated from the mixture is called stationary phase.
Mobile phase

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of distribution constant.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(d)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

The ratio of concentration of the solute of the stationary phase of the chromatography to the concentration of the solute of the mobile phase of the chromatography is called distribution constant.

The expression of distribution constant is:

$K=( a A )S( a A )M$ ........ (I)

Here, the concentration of the solute of the stationary phase of the chromatography is $(aA)S$ and the concentration of the solute of the mobile phase of the chromatography is $(aA)M$ .

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of retention time.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(e)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The sum of the stationary phase time and the mobile phase time of chromatography is called retention time.

The expression of retention time is:

$tR=tS+tM$ ........ (II)

Here, the stationary phase time is $tS$ and the mobile phase time is $tM$ .

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the retention factor.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(f)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of the product of the distribution constant and the volume of the stationary phase of chromatography to the volume of the mobile phase of chromatography is called retention factor.

The expression of retention factor is:

$k=KVSVM$ ........ (III)

Here, the volume of the stationary phase of chromatography is $VS$ , the volume of the mobile phase of chromatography is $VM$ and the distribution constant is $K$ .

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the volumetric flow rate.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(g)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of volume of the fluid in the mobile phase of chromatography to the time needed to pass the volume of the fluid from the mobile phase of chromatography is called volume flow rate.

The expression of volume flow rate is:

$Q=dVdt$ ........ (IV)

Here, the volume of the fluid in the mobile phase of chromatography is $dV$ and the time needed to pass the volume of the fluid from the mobile phase of chromatography is $dt$ .

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the linear flow velocity.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(h)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The volumetric flow rate of the fluid per unit cross sectional area of the column from which the fluid is flow is called linear flow velocity.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of selectivity factor.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(i)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of the distribution constant of highly retained species of chromatography to the distribution constant of less retained species of chromatography is called selectivity factor.

The expression of selectivity factor is:

$α=KBKA$ ....... (V)

Here, the distribution constant of highly retained species of chromatography is $KB$ and the distribution constant of less retained species of chromatography is $KA$ .

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the plate height.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(j)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of the variance of chromatography to the length of the column is called plate height.

The expression of plate height is:

$H=σ2L$ ........ (VI)

Here, the variance of chromatography is $σ2$ and the length of the column is $L$ .

(k)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the column resolution.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(k)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In the chromatography, column is the pathway for the reaction to take place. The column resolution is obtained from the width of the first point and that of the second point.

The expression of Column resolution is:

$RS=2ΔZWA+WB$ ........ (VII)

Here, the width of the pick at first point is $WA$ and the width of the pick at second point is $WB$ .

(l)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the longitudinal diffusion.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(l)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The process of migration of solute from a concentrated centre of a band of chromatography to the dilute region in other side of chromatography is called longitudinal diffusion.

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Answer 3

Question

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Chapter 26, Problem 26.1QAP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of elution.

Concept introduction: A definition is used to describe the meaning of a term and this term can be a word, phrase, or other sets of symbols. There are two types of definitions and they are intentional definitions, which try to give the sense of a term and extensional definitions, which proceed by listing the objects that a term describes.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Elution is defined as the process of extracting the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of mobile phase.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In Chromatography two phases are present these are following.

Stationary phase
Mobile phase- The phase of chromatography which flow from the stationary phase of the chromatography and carry the component of the mixture with the phase.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of stationary phase.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

In chromatography two phases are present these are following.

Stationary phase- The solid or liquid phase of chromatography in which the solid material is absorbed which is separated from the mixture is called stationary phase.
Mobile phase

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of distribution constant.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(d)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

The ratio of concentration of the solute of the stationary phase of the chromatography to the concentration of the solute of the mobile phase of the chromatography is called distribution constant.

The expression of distribution constant is:

$K=( a A )S( a A )M$ ........ (I)

Here, the concentration of the solute of the stationary phase of the chromatography is $(aA)S$ and the concentration of the solute of the mobile phase of the chromatography is $(aA)M$ .

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of retention time.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(e)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The sum of the stationary phase time and the mobile phase time of chromatography is called retention time.

The expression of retention time is:

$tR=tS+tM$ ........ (II)

Here, the stationary phase time is $tS$ and the mobile phase time is $tM$ .

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the retention factor.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(f)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of the product of the distribution constant and the volume of the stationary phase of chromatography to the volume of the mobile phase of chromatography is called retention factor.

The expression of retention factor is:

$k=KVSVM$ ........ (III)

Here, the volume of the stationary phase of chromatography is $VS$ , the volume of the mobile phase of chromatography is $VM$ and the distribution constant is $K$ .

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the volumetric flow rate.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(g)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of volume of the fluid in the mobile phase of chromatography to the time needed to pass the volume of the fluid from the mobile phase of chromatography is called volume flow rate.

The expression of volume flow rate is:

$Q=dVdt$ ........ (IV)

Here, the volume of the fluid in the mobile phase of chromatography is $dV$ and the time needed to pass the volume of the fluid from the mobile phase of chromatography is $dt$ .

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the linear flow velocity.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(h)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The volumetric flow rate of the fluid per unit cross sectional area of the column from which the fluid is flow is called linear flow velocity.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of selectivity factor.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(i)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of the distribution constant of highly retained species of chromatography to the distribution constant of less retained species of chromatography is called selectivity factor.

The expression of selectivity factor is:

$α=KBKA$ ....... (V)

Here, the distribution constant of highly retained species of chromatography is $KB$ and the distribution constant of less retained species of chromatography is $KA$ .

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the plate height.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(j)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of the variance of chromatography to the length of the column is called plate height.

The expression of plate height is:

$H=σ2L$ ........ (VI)

Here, the variance of chromatography is $σ2$ and the length of the column is $L$ .

(k)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the column resolution.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(k)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In the chromatography, column is the pathway for the reaction to take place. The column resolution is obtained from the width of the first point and that of the second point.

The expression of Column resolution is:

$RS=2ΔZWA+WB$ ........ (VII)

Here, the width of the pick at first point is $WA$ and the width of the pick at second point is $WB$ .

(l)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the longitudinal diffusion.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(l)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The process of migration of solute from a concentrated centre of a band of chromatography to the dilute region in other side of chromatography is called longitudinal diffusion.

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Answer 4

Question

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Chapter 26, Problem 26.1QAP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of elution.

Concept introduction: A definition is used to describe the meaning of a term and this term can be a word, phrase, or other sets of symbols. There are two types of definitions and they are intentional definitions, which try to give the sense of a term and extensional definitions, which proceed by listing the objects that a term describes.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Elution is defined as the process of extracting the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of mobile phase.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In Chromatography two phases are present these are following.

Stationary phase
Mobile phase- The phase of chromatography which flow from the stationary phase of the chromatography and carry the component of the mixture with the phase.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of stationary phase.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

In chromatography two phases are present these are following.

Stationary phase- The solid or liquid phase of chromatography in which the solid material is absorbed which is separated from the mixture is called stationary phase.
Mobile phase

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of distribution constant.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(d)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

The ratio of concentration of the solute of the stationary phase of the chromatography to the concentration of the solute of the mobile phase of the chromatography is called distribution constant.

The expression of distribution constant is:

$K=( a A )S( a A )M$ ........ (I)

Here, the concentration of the solute of the stationary phase of the chromatography is $(aA)S$ and the concentration of the solute of the mobile phase of the chromatography is $(aA)M$ .

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of retention time.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(e)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The sum of the stationary phase time and the mobile phase time of chromatography is called retention time.

The expression of retention time is:

$tR=tS+tM$ ........ (II)

Here, the stationary phase time is $tS$ and the mobile phase time is $tM$ .

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the retention factor.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(f)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of the product of the distribution constant and the volume of the stationary phase of chromatography to the volume of the mobile phase of chromatography is called retention factor.

The expression of retention factor is:

$k=KVSVM$ ........ (III)

Here, the volume of the stationary phase of chromatography is $VS$ , the volume of the mobile phase of chromatography is $VM$ and the distribution constant is $K$ .

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the volumetric flow rate.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(g)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of volume of the fluid in the mobile phase of chromatography to the time needed to pass the volume of the fluid from the mobile phase of chromatography is called volume flow rate.

The expression of volume flow rate is:

$Q=dVdt$ ........ (IV)

Here, the volume of the fluid in the mobile phase of chromatography is $dV$ and the time needed to pass the volume of the fluid from the mobile phase of chromatography is $dt$ .

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the linear flow velocity.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(h)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The volumetric flow rate of the fluid per unit cross sectional area of the column from which the fluid is flow is called linear flow velocity.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of selectivity factor.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(i)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of the distribution constant of highly retained species of chromatography to the distribution constant of less retained species of chromatography is called selectivity factor.

The expression of selectivity factor is:

$α=KBKA$ ....... (V)

Here, the distribution constant of highly retained species of chromatography is $KB$ and the distribution constant of less retained species of chromatography is $KA$ .

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the plate height.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(j)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of the variance of chromatography to the length of the column is called plate height.

The expression of plate height is:

$H=σ2L$ ........ (VI)

Here, the variance of chromatography is $σ2$ and the length of the column is $L$ .

(k)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the column resolution.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(k)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In the chromatography, column is the pathway for the reaction to take place. The column resolution is obtained from the width of the first point and that of the second point.

The expression of Column resolution is:

$RS=2ΔZWA+WB$ ........ (VII)

Here, the width of the pick at first point is $WA$ and the width of the pick at second point is $WB$ .

(l)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the longitudinal diffusion.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(l)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The process of migration of solute from a concentrated centre of a band of chromatography to the dilute region in other side of chromatography is called longitudinal diffusion.

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Answer 5

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Answer 6

Question

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Answer 7

Chapter 26, Problem 26.1QAP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of elution.

Concept introduction: A definition is used to describe the meaning of a term and this term can be a word, phrase, or other sets of symbols. There are two types of definitions and they are intentional definitions, which try to give the sense of a term and extensional definitions, which proceed by listing the objects that a term describes.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Elution is defined as the process of extracting the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of mobile phase.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In Chromatography two phases are present these are following.

Stationary phase
Mobile phase- The phase of chromatography which flow from the stationary phase of the chromatography and carry the component of the mixture with the phase.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of stationary phase.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

In chromatography two phases are present these are following.

Stationary phase- The solid or liquid phase of chromatography in which the solid material is absorbed which is separated from the mixture is called stationary phase.
Mobile phase

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of distribution constant.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(d)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

The ratio of concentration of the solute of the stationary phase of the chromatography to the concentration of the solute of the mobile phase of the chromatography is called distribution constant.

The expression of distribution constant is:

$K=( a A )S( a A )M$ ........ (I)

Here, the concentration of the solute of the stationary phase of the chromatography is $(aA)S$ and the concentration of the solute of the mobile phase of the chromatography is $(aA)M$ .

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of retention time.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(e)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The sum of the stationary phase time and the mobile phase time of chromatography is called retention time.

The expression of retention time is:

$tR=tS+tM$ ........ (II)

Here, the stationary phase time is $tS$ and the mobile phase time is $tM$ .

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the retention factor.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(f)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of the product of the distribution constant and the volume of the stationary phase of chromatography to the volume of the mobile phase of chromatography is called retention factor.

The expression of retention factor is:

$k=KVSVM$ ........ (III)

Here, the volume of the stationary phase of chromatography is $VS$ , the volume of the mobile phase of chromatography is $VM$ and the distribution constant is $K$ .

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the volumetric flow rate.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(g)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of volume of the fluid in the mobile phase of chromatography to the time needed to pass the volume of the fluid from the mobile phase of chromatography is called volume flow rate.

The expression of volume flow rate is:

$Q=dVdt$ ........ (IV)

Here, the volume of the fluid in the mobile phase of chromatography is $dV$ and the time needed to pass the volume of the fluid from the mobile phase of chromatography is $dt$ .

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the linear flow velocity.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(h)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The volumetric flow rate of the fluid per unit cross sectional area of the column from which the fluid is flow is called linear flow velocity.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of selectivity factor.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(i)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of the distribution constant of highly retained species of chromatography to the distribution constant of less retained species of chromatography is called selectivity factor.

The expression of selectivity factor is:

$α=KBKA$ ....... (V)

Here, the distribution constant of highly retained species of chromatography is $KB$ and the distribution constant of less retained species of chromatography is $KA$ .

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the plate height.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(j)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of the variance of chromatography to the length of the column is called plate height.

The expression of plate height is:

$H=σ2L$ ........ (VI)

Here, the variance of chromatography is $σ2$ and the length of the column is $L$ .

(k)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the column resolution.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(k)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In the chromatography, column is the pathway for the reaction to take place. The column resolution is obtained from the width of the first point and that of the second point.

The expression of Column resolution is:

$RS=2ΔZWA+WB$ ........ (VII)

Here, the width of the pick at first point is $WA$ and the width of the pick at second point is $WB$ .

(l)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the longitudinal diffusion.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(l)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The process of migration of solute from a concentrated centre of a band of chromatography to the dilute region in other side of chromatography is called longitudinal diffusion.

Answer 8

Chapter 26, Problem 26.1QAP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of elution.

Concept introduction: A definition is used to describe the meaning of a term and this term can be a word, phrase, or other sets of symbols. There are two types of definitions and they are intentional definitions, which try to give the sense of a term and extensional definitions, which proceed by listing the objects that a term describes.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Elution is defined as the process of extracting the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Answer 9

Chapter 26, Problem 26.1QAP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of elution.

Concept introduction: A definition is used to describe the meaning of a term and this term can be a word, phrase, or other sets of symbols. There are two types of definitions and they are intentional definitions, which try to give the sense of a term and extensional definitions, which proceed by listing the objects that a term describes.

Answer 10

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Elution is defined as the process of extracting the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Answer 11

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 12

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 13

Expert Solution

Answer 14

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of mobile phase.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In Chromatography two phases are present these are following.

Stationary phase
Mobile phase- The phase of chromatography which flow from the stationary phase of the chromatography and carry the component of the mixture with the phase.

Answer 15

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of mobile phase.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Answer 16

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In Chromatography two phases are present these are following.

Stationary phase
Mobile phase- The phase of chromatography which flow from the stationary phase of the chromatography and carry the component of the mixture with the phase.

Answer 17

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 18

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Expert Solution

Answer 20

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of stationary phase.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

In chromatography two phases are present these are following.

Stationary phase- The solid or liquid phase of chromatography in which the solid material is absorbed which is separated from the mixture is called stationary phase.
Mobile phase

Answer 21

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of stationary phase.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Answer 22

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

In chromatography two phases are present these are following.

Stationary phase- The solid or liquid phase of chromatography in which the solid material is absorbed which is separated from the mixture is called stationary phase.
Mobile phase

Answer 23

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer 24

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of distribution constant.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(d)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

The ratio of concentration of the solute of the stationary phase of the chromatography to the concentration of the solute of the mobile phase of the chromatography is called distribution constant.

The expression of distribution constant is:

$K=( a A )S( a A )M$ ........ (I)

Here, the concentration of the solute of the stationary phase of the chromatography is $(aA)S$ and the concentration of the solute of the mobile phase of the chromatography is $(aA)M$ .

Answer 27

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of distribution constant.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Answer 28

(d)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

The ratio of concentration of the solute of the stationary phase of the chromatography to the concentration of the solute of the mobile phase of the chromatography is called distribution constant.

The expression of distribution constant is:

$K=( a A )S( a A )M$ ........ (I)

Here, the concentration of the solute of the stationary phase of the chromatography is $(aA)S$ and the concentration of the solute of the mobile phase of the chromatography is $(aA)M$ .

Answer 29

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer 30

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer 31

Expert Solution

Answer 32

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of retention time.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(e)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The sum of the stationary phase time and the mobile phase time of chromatography is called retention time.

The expression of retention time is:

$tR=tS+tM$ ........ (II)

Here, the stationary phase time is $tS$ and the mobile phase time is $tM$ .

Answer 33

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of retention time.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Answer 34

(e)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The sum of the stationary phase time and the mobile phase time of chromatography is called retention time.

The expression of retention time is:

$tR=tS+tM$ ........ (II)

Here, the stationary phase time is $tS$ and the mobile phase time is $tM$ .

Answer 35

(e)

Expert Solution

Answer 36

(e)

Expert Solution

Answer 37

Expert Solution

Answer 38

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the retention factor.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(f)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of the product of the distribution constant and the volume of the stationary phase of chromatography to the volume of the mobile phase of chromatography is called retention factor.

The expression of retention factor is:

$k=KVSVM$ ........ (III)

Here, the volume of the stationary phase of chromatography is $VS$ , the volume of the mobile phase of chromatography is $VM$ and the distribution constant is $K$ .

Answer 39

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the retention factor.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Answer 40

(f)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of the product of the distribution constant and the volume of the stationary phase of chromatography to the volume of the mobile phase of chromatography is called retention factor.

The expression of retention factor is:

$k=KVSVM$ ........ (III)

Here, the volume of the stationary phase of chromatography is $VS$ , the volume of the mobile phase of chromatography is $VM$ and the distribution constant is $K$ .

Answer 41

(f)

Expert Solution

Answer 42

(f)

Expert Solution

Answer 43

Expert Solution

Answer 44

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the volumetric flow rate.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(g)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of volume of the fluid in the mobile phase of chromatography to the time needed to pass the volume of the fluid from the mobile phase of chromatography is called volume flow rate.

The expression of volume flow rate is:

$Q=dVdt$ ........ (IV)

Here, the volume of the fluid in the mobile phase of chromatography is $dV$ and the time needed to pass the volume of the fluid from the mobile phase of chromatography is $dt$ .

Answer 45

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the volumetric flow rate.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Answer 46

(g)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of volume of the fluid in the mobile phase of chromatography to the time needed to pass the volume of the fluid from the mobile phase of chromatography is called volume flow rate.

The expression of volume flow rate is:

$Q=dVdt$ ........ (IV)

Here, the volume of the fluid in the mobile phase of chromatography is $dV$ and the time needed to pass the volume of the fluid from the mobile phase of chromatography is $dt$ .

Answer 47

(g)

Expert Solution

Answer 48

(g)

Expert Solution

Answer 49

Expert Solution

Answer 50

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the linear flow velocity.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(h)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The volumetric flow rate of the fluid per unit cross sectional area of the column from which the fluid is flow is called linear flow velocity.

Answer 51

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the linear flow velocity.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Answer 52

(h)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The volumetric flow rate of the fluid per unit cross sectional area of the column from which the fluid is flow is called linear flow velocity.

Answer 53

(h)

Expert Solution

Answer 54

(h)

Expert Solution

Answer 55

Expert Solution

Answer 56

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of selectivity factor.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(i)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of the distribution constant of highly retained species of chromatography to the distribution constant of less retained species of chromatography is called selectivity factor.

The expression of selectivity factor is:

$α=KBKA$ ....... (V)

Here, the distribution constant of highly retained species of chromatography is $KB$ and the distribution constant of less retained species of chromatography is $KA$ .

Answer 57

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of selectivity factor.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Answer 58

(i)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of the distribution constant of highly retained species of chromatography to the distribution constant of less retained species of chromatography is called selectivity factor.

The expression of selectivity factor is:

$α=KBKA$ ....... (V)

Here, the distribution constant of highly retained species of chromatography is $KB$ and the distribution constant of less retained species of chromatography is $KA$ .

Answer 59

(i)

Expert Solution

Answer 60

(i)

Expert Solution

Answer 61

Expert Solution

Answer 62

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the plate height.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(j)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of the variance of chromatography to the length of the column is called plate height.

The expression of plate height is:

$H=σ2L$ ........ (VI)

Here, the variance of chromatography is $σ2$ and the length of the column is $L$ .

Answer 63

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the plate height.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Answer 64

(j)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The ratio of the variance of chromatography to the length of the column is called plate height.

The expression of plate height is:

$H=σ2L$ ........ (VI)

Here, the variance of chromatography is $σ2$ and the length of the column is $L$ .

Answer 65

(j)

Expert Solution

Answer 66

(j)

Expert Solution

Answer 67

Expert Solution

Answer 68

(k)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the column resolution.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(k)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In the chromatography, column is the pathway for the reaction to take place. The column resolution is obtained from the width of the first point and that of the second point.

The expression of Column resolution is:

$RS=2ΔZWA+WB$ ........ (VII)

Here, the width of the pick at first point is $WA$ and the width of the pick at second point is $WB$ .

Answer 69

(k)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the column resolution.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Answer 70

(k)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In the chromatography, column is the pathway for the reaction to take place. The column resolution is obtained from the width of the first point and that of the second point.

The expression of Column resolution is:

$RS=2ΔZWA+WB$ ........ (VII)

Here, the width of the pick at first point is $WA$ and the width of the pick at second point is $WB$ .

Answer 71

(k)

Expert Solution

Answer 72

(k)

Expert Solution

Answer 73

Expert Solution

Answer 74

(l)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the longitudinal diffusion.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

(l)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The process of migration of solute from a concentrated centre of a band of chromatography to the dilute region in other side of chromatography is called longitudinal diffusion.

Answer 75

(l)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The description of the longitudinal diffusion.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Answer 76

(l)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The process of migration of solute from a concentrated centre of a band of chromatography to the dilute region in other side of chromatography is called longitudinal diffusion.

Answer 77

(l)

Expert Solution

Answer 78

(l)

Expert Solution

Answer 79

Expert Solution

Answer 80

Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.1QAP Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.2QAP Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.3QAP Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.4QAP Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.5QAP Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.6QAP Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.7QAP Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.8QAP Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.9QAP Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.10QAP

Explanation of Solution

Interpretation: The description of mobile phase. Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Explanation of Solution

Interpretation: The description of stationary phase. Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Explanation of Solution

Interpretation: The description of distribution constant. Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Explanation of Solution

Interpretation: The description of retention time. Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Explanation of Solution

Interpretation: The description of the retention factor. Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Explanation of Solution

Interpretation: The description of the volumetric flow rate. Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Explanation of Solution

Interpretation: The description of the linear flow velocity. Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Explanation of Solution

Interpretation: The description of selectivity factor. Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Explanation of Solution

Interpretation: The description of the plate height. Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Explanation of Solution

Interpretation: The description of the column resolution. Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Explanation of Solution

Interpretation: The description of the longitudinal diffusion. Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Explanation of Solution

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Chapter 26 Solutions

Interpretation: The description of mobile phase.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Interpretation: The description of stationary phase.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Interpretation: The description of distribution constant.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Interpretation: The description of retention time.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Interpretation: The description of the retention factor.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Interpretation: The description of the volumetric flow rate.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Interpretation: The description of the linear flow velocity.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Interpretation: The description of selectivity factor.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Interpretation: The description of the plate height.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Interpretation: The description of the column resolution.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.

Interpretation: The description of the longitudinal diffusion.

Concept introduction: Chromatography is defined as the process of separating the mixture of substance or one material from another material or component of the substance or material.