Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134396026
Author: Frederic H. Martini, Judi L. Nath, Edwin F. Bartholomew
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 25, Problem 4RQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The beta-oxidation involves a series of biochemical reactions leads to the formation of acetyl-CoA, reduces FAD and NAD+. It is a catabolic process and here the breakdown of fatty acids occurs.
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The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate is: (a) glycolysis. (b) gluconeogenesis.(c) cellular respiration. (d) beta-oxidation.
What reaction or process in metabolism is catalyzed by each of the following enzymes: (a) pepsin; (b) succinate dehydrogenase; (c) ATP synthase?
What is the reason that amino acid degradation spikes approximately 24 hours after starting a fast?
(A) The brain adapts to using ketone bodies, and amino acids serve as the primary precursors for ketone bodies.(B) Red blood cells begin using amino acids to drive their citric acid cycle.(C) Amino acids are broken down and used to replenish glycogen.
(D) The liver needs to make glucose for brain and RBCs, and amino acids provide the carbon skeleton for gluconeogenesis.(E) The ammonia released from amino acid breakdown is a substrate for b-oxidation, which increases during prolonged fasting.
Chapter 25 Solutions
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 25 - Define metabolism, catabolism, and anabolism.Ch. 25 - Prob. 2CPCh. 25 - Prob. 3CPCh. 25 - Prob. 4CPCh. 25 - Prob. 5CPCh. 25 - Prob. 6CPCh. 25 - Prob. 7CPCh. 25 - Prob. 8CPCh. 25 - Prob. 9CPCh. 25 - Prob. 10CP
Ch. 25 - Prob. 11CPCh. 25 - Prob. 12CPCh. 25 - Prob. 13CPCh. 25 - Prob. 14CPCh. 25 - Prob. 15CPCh. 25 - Prob. 16CPCh. 25 - Prob. 17CPCh. 25 - Prob. 18CPCh. 25 - Prob. 19CPCh. 25 - Prob. 1RQCh. 25 - The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate is an ______...Ch. 25 - Prob. 3RQCh. 25 - Prob. 4RQCh. 25 - Prob. 5RQCh. 25 - Prob. 6RQCh. 25 - Prob. 7RQCh. 25 - Prob. 8RQCh. 25 - Prob. 9RQCh. 25 - Prob. 10RQCh. 25 - How are lipids catabolized in the body? How is...Ch. 25 - How do the absorptive and postabsorptive states...Ch. 25 - Why is the liver the focal point for metabolic...Ch. 25 - Prob. 14RQCh. 25 - Prob. 15RQCh. 25 - Prob. 16RQCh. 25 - Charlie has a blood test that shows a normal level...Ch. 25 - Jill suffers from anorexia nervosa. One afternoon...Ch. 25 - Prob. 1CCCh. 25 - If Justines dietwhich includes very little milk,...
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- Which of the following statements is not true? (a) Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration. (b) Glycolysis can proceed under low oxygen levels with the assistance of fermentation. (c) Glycolysis produces less ATP than does either the Krebs cycle or oxidative phosphorylation. (d) Glycolysis produces most of the ATP required by aerobic organisms like us.arrow_forwardWhich cells, liver, muscle, or brain, use the following pathways?(a) Glycolysis(b) Gluconeogenesis(c) Glycogenesis(d) Glycogenolysisarrow_forwardThe pathway that converts glucose to acetyl-CoA is often referred to as an “aerobic oxidation pathway.” (a) Is molecular boxygen involved in any of the steps of glycolysis? (b) Thinking back to Chapter 20, where does molecular oxygen enter the picture?arrow_forward
- Glucose is the only carbohydrate that the brain can use for energy. Which pathway is mobilized to supply the need of the brain during starvation?: a.) glycolysis b.) gluconeogenesis or c.) glycogenesis? Explain.arrow_forwardFatty acids and triglycerides are an important source of nutrition and a dense form of stored energy. Digestion of fats yields more energy per gram than digestion of carbohydrates. In the first step of fatty acid digestion, the carboxylic acid of a fatty acid is activated to a fatty acyl-CoA. This activation step A) requires the input of energy from ATP. B) requires the input of energy from NADH. C) releases energy which is captured in the form of ATP. D) releases energy which is captured in the form of NADH.arrow_forwardDEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS: a) Gluconeogenesis b) Glycolysis c) Citric Acid Cycle Please explain this in-detailed and longer, thank you.arrow_forward
- The pentose phosphate pathway is an alternative pathway of glucose oxidation.(a). Give the two main products of this pathway.(b). Name the enzyme that controls this pathway. The deficiency of this enzyme is sometimes inherited from the parents. What do these patients suffer from?(c). How is this pathway related to nucleotide metabolism?arrow_forwardThe removal of an amino group in a reaction that generates an ammonium ion is called: (a) ketoacidosis. (b) transamination. (c) deamination. (d) denaturation.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding glucose is NOT true? a.)Glucose is a monosaccharide sugar b.)Glucose can be metabolized by both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism c.)The normal blood glucose concentration is 4-7 mmol/l d.)A high blood glucose concentration is called hypoglycemiaarrow_forward
- a) What is the reason for the non-oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway?b) Which compound is converted into which compound in the step where sequential dehydration and hydration reactions occur in the citric acid cycle?c) Why is ammonia released in some tissues carried by binding to other molecules in the blood? Where is it transmitted in the body for its destruction? What molecule is it transferred onto there? So what molecule does it make?arrow_forwardList three differences between fatty acid synthesis and β-oxidation.arrow_forward1) The major function of high density lipoprotein (HDL) is to, choose all correct answers. (A) bind high density lipoprotein (HDL). (B) transport cholesterol to peripheral tissues. (C) serve as a precursor for cholesterol biosynthesis. (D) transport cholesterol from peripheral tissues to liver. (E) serve as a site for the esterification of cholesterol. 2). Individual with the genetic disease of Familial hypercholesterolemia have higher levels of cholesterol in the blood, which of the following could cause this disease: (A) deregulated biosynthesis of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors (B) high dietary cholesterol (C) plaque formation in the arteries. (D) high cholesterol biosynthesis in liver tissue. (E) deregulated biosynthesis of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) 3) The enzyme inorganic pyrophosphatase utilizes ____ as its substrate. A). ATP B). ADP C). AMP D). PPi E). phosphatearrow_forward
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