Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 25, Problem 2TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is single stranded, and it consists of four nitrogenous bases, such as adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil. RNA was the first hereditary material. It was found that RNA can cause
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According to the endosymbiotic theory, why was it adaptive for the larger (host) cell to keep the engulfed cell alive, rather than digesting it as food?
A.
The host cell would have been poisoned if it had digested the engulfed cell.
B.
The host cell was able to survive anaerobic conditions with the engulfed cell alive.
C.
The engulfed cell provided the host cell with CO2
D.
The engulfed cell provided the host cell with ATP.
E.
The engulfed cell allowed the host cell to metabolize glucose.
Which of the following statements supports the concept of the endosymbiotic theory?
A. Proteins may be trafficked within the endomembrane system.
B. Ribosomes are present in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
C. Chloroplasts have many features in common with bacteria.
D. Mitochondria can fuse together to form larger organelles within eukaryotic cells.
What features of mitochondria are similar to bacteria? Select all that apply.
A. Membrane-bound ribosomes
B. Cellular machinery for photosynthesis
C. Independent movement
D. Circular DNA similar to plasmids
Chapter 25 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 25 - Why do we say that, for life to have begun, the...Ch. 25 - Prob. 2IQCh. 25 - Prob. 3IQCh. 25 - Prob. 4IQCh. 25 - Prob. 5IQCh. 25 - a. Mammals originated 180 mya but did not change...Ch. 25 - Prob. 7IQCh. 25 - a. According to the model of species selection,...Ch. 25 - Prob. 1SYKCh. 25 - Label the eons, eras, and key events shown on the...
Ch. 25 - Describe three major processes that have...Ch. 25 - Prob. 4SYKCh. 25 - The primitive atmosphere of Earth may have favored...Ch. 25 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 25 - The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years. A...Ch. 25 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 25 - Look back at the Geologic Record in Table 25.1....Ch. 25 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 25 - According to the endosymbiont theory, a. the first...Ch. 25 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 25 - What is meant by the concept of species selection?...
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- What types of organisms can produce their own food required to survive? A. Organisms that can do cellular respiration B. Organisms that have free-floating DNA C. Organisms that can do photosynthesis D. Organisms with a special enzymearrow_forwardMembers of the mycoplasma genus of bacteria do not have a cell wall for protection, existing with only a simple cell membrane made up of fatty acids and phospholipids. They cannot however, synthesize their own fatty acids. How is this possible? A. They use host materials B. They use peptidoglycan from other bacteria C. They use anabolism as a way to create their outer membrane D. They use amino acids to build their membranesarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is False?a. Photosynthesis occurs in plastids.b. Chloroplasts extract energy from food storagemolecules.c. Mitochondria likely originated from prokaryotic cells.d. Plant cell walls are a type of extracellular matrix.arrow_forward
- The endosymbiotic theory argues that prokaryotes become some of the organelles of early eukaryotic cells. All of the following support this hypothesis Except: A. The mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and are nearly idential to some free-living prokaryotes b. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are nearly idential to some free-living prokaryotes. c. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA d. The vacuoles can come and go across the plasma membranearrow_forwardWhich statement about spontaneous generation is false? A. It addresses the formation of living cells from previously nonliving material. B. This was a common belief for during the Middle Ages. C. Pasteur demonstrated that it does not occur under normal laboratory conditions. D. It occurs every time a new species evolves from a preexisting species. E. It apparently occurred at least once – when life on Earth began.arrow_forwardWhich statement about bacteria is true? a. Most bacteria cause disease. b. They are responsible for morning breath. c. Bacteria are not a monophyletic group. d. The biomass of bacteria is smaller than that of all the plants and animals. e. They are all single-celled with one or more linear molecules of DNA.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is the MOST compelling argument that fungi are more closely related to animals than plants? A. Plants have chloroplasts whereas fungi and animals cells do not. B. Plants fix carbon dioxide from the air; fungi and animals use pre-existing organic molecules. C. The DNA sequences of ribosomal RNA of fungi share more homology with ribosomal RNA from animals than plants. D. Both animal and fungal cells are eukaryotic.arrow_forwardCyanobacteria was responsible for the increase in oxygen levels billions of years ago. They play a decisive role in changing the earth’s environment. Explain how are Cyanobacteria related in changing the early earth’s environment which later suitable for the development of other organisms.arrow_forwardAnalyses of genomes have allowed researchers to determine that some cells have very small genomes. If you were asked to predict which organisms are likely to have smaller genomes than others, which option below would be MOST likely? A. Bacteria that live in plant hosts are likely to have smaller genomes than those that live in animal hosts as it takes a smaller variety of metabolic processes to survive in an animal host. B. Although less is known about Archaea than about Bacteria as fewer species have been studied, it is likely that Archaea have smaller genomes on average than Bacteria as they have fewer metabolic needs. C. Bacteria that are endosymbionts, living within a host, can survive with smaller genomes than free-living Bacteria because they can rely on their host for many of their needs. D. Protists generally have had smaller genomes than Bacteria because Bacteria have such large amounts of noncoding DNA.arrow_forward
- Why are bacterial decomposers important? a. They produce spores. b. Common in biotechnology. c. They fix nitrogen. d. They break down complex organic molecules in wastes and remains. e. Most cause disease.arrow_forwardMitochondria and chloroplasts contain some DNA, which more closely resembles prokaryotic DNA than (eukaryotic) nuclear DNA. Use this information to suggest how eukaryotes may have originated.arrow_forwardWhich of the following extremophiles is the best model for the earliest organisms on Earth? A. a prokaryote found near hydrothermal vents B. an archaean capable of surviving in the polar ice caps C. an anaerobic archaean species D. a bacterium that thrives in a highly acidic environmentarrow_forward
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