Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 25, Problem 15TYU
Summary Introduction
To determine: The way in which the use of antibiotics imposes selective pressure on bacteria.
Introduction: A drug could be effective against a wide range of pathogens or to a narrow range of pathogens. The spectrum of action determines the range to which a drug could act on pathogens. Pathogens sometimes acquire resistance to one or more than one type of antibiotics.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Why is overuse of antibiotics resulting in more antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria to evolve?
A) The normal flora of the patient can no longer to outcompete the pathogen
B) The antibiotics create the mutations that result in resistant organisms
C) The antibiotic becomes less potent over time leading to resistance
D) The patients begin to have less side-effects from the antibiotics
E) The antibiotics provide the selective pressure for resistance
Describe how scientists use Bacteria resistance to antibiotics as evidence for Evolution
Suppose you wish to determine if a population of soil bacterium (Bacillus mycoides) can evolve resistance to antibiotics produced by other bacteria present in the soil. Which of the following would be an appropriate time frame to determine the percentage of cells having antibiotic resistance in a new generation of B. mycoides?
a) 10 seconds to 1 minute
b) 1 to 2 days
c) 1 to two years
d) 10 to 20 years
Chapter 25 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 25.1 - Describe the structure and common shapes of...Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 25.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 25.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 25.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 25.1 - Prob. 3CCh. 25.2 - Describe asexual reproduction in prokaryotes and...Ch. 25.2 - State specific factors that contribute to the...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 25.2 - Prob. 2C
Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 25.3 - Describe the principal modes by which prokaryotes...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 25.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 25.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 25.4 - Compare characteristics of the three domains:...Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 8LOCh. 25.4 - Prob. 9LOCh. 25.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 25.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 25.5 - Prob. 10LOCh. 25.5 - Prob. 11LOCh. 25.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 25.5 - Prob. 2CCh. 25.5 - Prob. 3CCh. 25.5 - Prob. 4CCh. 25.6 - Prob. 12LOCh. 25.6 - Prob. 13LOCh. 25.6 - Why are Kochs postulates important?Ch. 25.6 - Prob. 2CCh. 25 - Peptidoglycan is a chemical compound found in the...Ch. 25 - Bacterial flagella (a) are homologous with...Ch. 25 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 25 - In conjugation, (a) two bacterial cells of...Ch. 25 - The majority of heterotrophic bacteria are (a)...Ch. 25 - Bacteria that are autotrophs (a) do not require...Ch. 25 - Bacteria that thrive in puncture wounds are likely...Ch. 25 - Which of the following do not belong to domain...Ch. 25 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 25 - Robert Koch (a) proposed a set of guidelines to...Ch. 25 - Which group of bacteria contains the...Ch. 25 - VISUALIZE Label the diagram.Ch. 25 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 25 - What would be the consequences for eukaryotes if...Ch. 25 - Prob. 15TYUCh. 25 - Prob. 16TYU
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- What is a relevant biological process that can be used to illustrate the answer to the question: What are the risks associated with antibiotics? i.e. What is the underlying biology that addresses 'What are the risks associated with antibiotics?'arrow_forwardhow can bacteria populations become resistant to antibiotics? use the terms pre- existing, inherited, variation, survive, over generations and resistantarrow_forwardDescribe one adaptation a bacteria could have that would allow it to be resistant to an antibioticarrow_forward
- Give two reasons why bacteria are becoming more and more resistant to antibiotics.arrow_forwardWhy can bacteria undergo rapid evolutionary change? a) Bacteria pass through numerous bottlenecks b) Bacteria mutate at high rates c) Bacterial populations are large and can reproduce quickly - 8:23 varrow_forwardThe discovery and mass-production of antibiotics has triggered a revolution in medicine, decreasing hospitalization times, shortening the course of diseases, and ultimately increasing peoples' lifespans. However, soon after the first major antibiotic, penicillin, was put into widespread use around 1940, people soon found that some bacteria were tougher to kill, which were the first signs of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Over the years bacteria have been able to develop resistance against many different types of antibiotics, and some bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is resistant to almost every antibiotic in use today. Antibiotic resistance has become so severe that in 2014 the World Health Organization published a report that speculated of a "post-antibiotic era" where antibiotics were no longer a main method of disease treatment. In this week's forum, please read summary of the World Health Organization's report (linked here and in the…arrow_forward
- Antibiotic resistant bacteria have become a major concern for many public health officials. Widespread use of antibiotics has created an evolutionary pressure on infectious bacteria to develop immunity to these medications. The result is an increase in antibiotic resistant microbes, particularly in settings where antibiotics are commonly used, such as hospitals. One strategy public health officials have devised to counteract these infectious microbes is "antibiotic cycling” where specific antibiotics are withdrawn from the market for a period of several years, then reintroduced as another antibiotic is withdrawn. How would this strategy help limit antibiotic resistance? A. It is impossible for a bacterium to maintain resistance to two antibiotics at once B. When a given antibiotic is not in use, it is an evolutionary disadvantage to carry the unneeded gene C. If a specific antibiotic is removed from the market it is possible to substitute with a related antibiotic such as…arrow_forwardThe Kishony performed a simple but elegant experiment using a “mega-plate.” Which of the following is a fair conclusion that can be drawn from this study? The majority of antibiotic resistance occurs via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between Actinobacteria Sensitive bacteria may acquire resistance to high concentrations of the antibiotic through many mutations Bacteria will gradually lose resistance to an antibiotic if you plate them on a large enough plate Bacteria will migrate via chemotaxis away from recombinant phage used in phage therapyarrow_forwardIf you were developing a new “broad-spectrum” antibiotic to kill a widevariety of bacteria, which cell structures and pathways would you target?Which of those targets also occur in eukaryotic cells, and why is thatimportant? How would your strategy change if you were designing a new“narrow-spectrum” antibiotic active against only a few types of bacteria?arrow_forward
- An example of bioremediation is A) the use of prokaryotes to treat sewage or clean up oil spills. B) the production of antibiotics by cultured prokaryotes. C) the application of bacteria to produce transgenic plants.arrow_forwardHow might the heavy-handed use of antibiotics result in the increase of antibiotic-resistant cells in bacterial populations?arrow_forwardAntibotic/drug resistance in bacteria results from mutations induced by the anitbiotic which enhance fitness of the bacteria ensuring their survival. a) True b) Falsearrow_forward
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