Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 23.4, Problem 1CSC
Summary Introduction
To determine:
Whether people as well as plants can be a victim of fungal attack.
Introduction:
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The Armillaria fungus species that grew to massive size inOregon harms trees in the forests it inhabits. As the fungusfeeds on roots, it causes “root rot” that weakens or kills trees.This root rot provides aboveground evidence of Armillaria’sexistence; the giant Oregon specimen was first identified byexamining aerial photos to find forested areas with many deadtrees. Can people, as well plants, be victims of fungal attack?
Health professionals refer to fungal skin diseases as “tineas” and name them according to the region affected (TABLE 23.1). Fungal skin diseases are persistent, in part because fungi can penetrate deeper layers of skin than can ointments and creams. There are fewer antifungal drugs than antibacterial ones, and antifungals often have more severe side effects. Reflect on the evolutionary relationships among bacteria, fungi, and humans. Why it is harder to fight fungi than bacteria?
A more recent threat to tree survival is a fungus in the genus Phytophthora which can kill full-grown trees. Studies indicate that the fungus can arrive via footwear of hikers.
What is a possible solution to reduce fungus arrival or prevent the fungus on footwear from reaching the trees?
Chapter 23 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1TCCh. 23.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 23.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 23.2 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 23.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 23.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 23.3 - Fossil evidence suggests an important link between...Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 2TCCh. 23.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 23.3 - Prob. 2CYL
Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 23.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 23.4 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 23.4 - explain how fungi affect agriculture?Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 23.4 - describe the role of fungi in the production of...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 23.4 - Prob. 1CTCh. 23 - Prob. 1MCCh. 23 - Which of the following diseases is not caused by a...Ch. 23 - A symbiotic association of plant roots and fungi...Ch. 23 - The alcohol in beer and wine is a by-product of...Ch. 23 - __________ is an ecologically important function...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 23 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 23 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 23 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 23 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 23 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 23 - Prob. 1RQCh. 23 - Prob. 2RQCh. 23 - Prob. 3RQCh. 23 - Prob. 4RQCh. 23 - Prob. 5RQCh. 23 - Prob. 6RQCh. 23 - Describe how a fairy ring of mushrooms is...Ch. 23 - Prob. 8RQCh. 23 - Prob. 1ACCh. 23 - Prob. 2AC
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- The black spot fungus is known to attack roses in humid climates. Initially, small black spots appear on the leaves. The entire plant can die if not treated. From this information, what is mostly the main cause of the demise?arrow_forwardDescribe the structure and function of lignin in the plant cell wall. Describe the general outline of lignin decomposition among fungi. Differentiate between the three major types of wood rots and the organisms responsible for each.arrow_forwardMany fungal infections of humans are considered to be opportunistic, meaning that fungi that are normally free-living (usually in soil) can sometimes survive, and even thrive, on or inside the human body. From the fungal “point of view,” what unique challenges would be encountered when trying to survive on human skin? What about inside human lungs?arrow_forward
- While working in a plant disease diagnostic lab, you receive a sample of a very dead tomato plant. The plant has rotted roots and the symptoms match known fungal and oomycete diseases of tomatoes. Explain one difference between true fungi and oomycetes that you could observe to determine what type of organism is killing the tomatoes?arrow_forwardFairy rings (such as the one in the photo on the left) are circles of fungi that often appear in open meadows and in forest areas. In the soil beneath the fungi is an ever-extending mycelium. As the mycelium spreads to seek out more food, it sometimes will produce the fungi we see above ground to produce and release spores. The diagram on the right depicts the outline of a fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow, as viewed from above. The ring represents the farthest advance of this mycelium through the soil. The letters A-D represent locations with respect to that ring which are all 0.5 meters below the soil surface. 1)If the fungus that produced the fairy ring can also produce arbuscules, then which of the following is most likely to be buried at location "B"? a. cement-capped well b. deceased animal c. tree stump d. fire pit 2) Assume that all four locations are 0.5 meters above the surface, rather than below. On a breezy day with prevailing winds blowing from right…arrow_forwardFairy rings (such as the one in the photo on the left) are circles of fungi that often appear in open meadows and in forest areas. In the soil beneath the fungi is an ever-extending mycelium. As the mycelium spreads to seek out more food, it sometimes will produce the fungi we see above ground to produce and release spores. The diagram on the right depicts the outline of a fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow, as viewed from above. The ring represents the farthest advance of this mycelium through the soil. The letters A-D represent locations with respect to that ring which are all 0.5 meters below the soil surface. Which location (A-D) is nearest to the basidiocarps? ___ What is the most probable location (A-D) of the youngest portion of this mycelium? ___arrow_forward
- An apple farmer notices that some of the trees in his orchard have a fungus on them and those trees have necrotic ring spots typically associated with a viral infection. The trees that don't have fungus appear to be healthy. What is the most likely conclusion the farmer can make here?arrow_forwardMycorrhizal fungus are found in association with most plant species. Describe the nature of this relationship, including the benefits for both organisms.arrow_forwardkeratinase is an enzyme produced by dermatophytes. which organs in the body would these pathogens fungi tend to proliferate in, and why?arrow_forward
- The ascomycete fungus that causes chestnut blight and has killed an estimated 4 billion chestnut trees in North America was accidentally imported from Asia. Why are plants particularly vulnerable to fungi imported from other regions? How do the plants in Asia protect themselves against ascomycete fungus so they are not affected?arrow_forwardMycorrhizal fungi live in the soil and interact with the roots of plants. Essentail nutrients (e.g. nitrogenous compounds) are taken from the soil by the fungi and transferred to the plant roots. The fungi extract carbohydrates from the plant roots. What type of interaction is occurring?arrow_forwardA worker involved in demolishing an older downtown building is thevictim of a severe lung infection.a. Without any lab data, what two fungal infections do you suspect?b. What is your reasoning?c. How would you differentiate them?arrow_forward
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