Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305960060
Author: Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 23, Problem 23.44E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The number of moles of ATP formed from
Concept introduction:
In electron transport chain, the hydrogen ions and the electrons carried by NADH and
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How and why can virtually all organisms-plants, animals, and bacteria- use the exact same energy molecule, ATP?
a 75 kg adult requires a calorie intake of 2000 Cal of food every 24 hours. The food is metabolized, and the free energy is used to synthesis ATP for useful work. {each Calorie listed on food labels corresponds to 1.0 Cal in biochemical terms}. Assuming that the efficiency of converting food energy into ATP is 50%. Calculate the weight of ATP used by this human in 24 hours and the percentage of the person’s body weight that this represents. {the formula mass of ATP is 505 g/mol and each mole of ATP is equivalence to 7.30 Cal}
In the system:
C(s) + O2(g) + 2HCI(g) – COCI2(g) + H20(g) + heat
how is it possible to increase the amount of heat evolved?
add some carbon
add a catalyst
remove some of the HCI
add COCI2
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Chapter 23 Solutions
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
Ch. 23 - Why is glucose considered the pivotal compound in...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.2ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.3ECh. 23 - Describe what is meant by the terms blood sugar...Ch. 23 - What range of concentrations for glucose in blood...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.6ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.7ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.8ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.9ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.10E
Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.11ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.12ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.13ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.14ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.15ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.16ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.17ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.18ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.19ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.20ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.21ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.22ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.23ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.24ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.25ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.26ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.27ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.28ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.29ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.30ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.31ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.32ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.33ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.34ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.35ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.36ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.37ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.38ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.39ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.40ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.41ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.42ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.43ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.44ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.45ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.46ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.47ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.48ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.49ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.50ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.51ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.52ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.53ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.54ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.55ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.56ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.57ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.58ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.59ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.60ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.61ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.62ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.63ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.64ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.65ECh. 23 - Lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the following...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.67ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.68ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.69ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.70ECh. 23 - A friend started to make wine by adding yeast to...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.72ECh. 23 - Explain why monitoring blood lactate levels might...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.74ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.75ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.76ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.77ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.78ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.79ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.80ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.81ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.82ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.83ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.84ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.85ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.86ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.87ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.88ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.89ECh. 23 - Prob. 23.90E
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- A pint of premium ice cream can contain 1100 Calories. What mass of fat, in grams, must be produced in the body to store an extra 1100 Calories if the average number of Calories for fat is 9.1 Calories/g? O 121 g O 75.6 g O 254 garrow_forwardActual free-energy change is a function of the reactant and product concentrations and the temperature at which the reaction occurs. AG = Go + RT In Use the equation for the actual free-energy change to plot AG against In Q at 25 °C for the five concentrations of ATP, ADP, and P₁ shown in the table. The AG' for the reaction is -30.5 kJ/mol. Concentration (mm) 0.2 5.0 14.9 O O AG (kJ/mol) Metabolite ATP ADP P₁ Select the graph that plots the data. AG (kJ/mol) 0 -20 -40 -~ 0 200 0 -200 [C]c[D]d [A]a[B]b -400 T 2 5 0.2 10 2 T 4 3 2.2 12.1 InQ 6 4 InQ 6 8 1 4.2 14.1 10 8 5 25 10 AG (kJ/mol) AG (kJ/mol) 0 -20 -40 -10 -8 0 -20 -40 -6 -4 InQ -2 0arrow_forwardA chemical interaction in which the products contain less free energy than the reactants is called a(n) ____ reaction.arrow_forward
- How many electrons are transferred during the oxidation of ethanol (C2H5OH) to carbon dioxide (CO2)?arrow_forwardCells use the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as a source of energy. The conversion of ATP to ADP has a standard free-energy change of -30.5 kJ>mol. If all the free energy from the metabolism of glucose, C6H12O61s2 + 6 O21g2 ¡ 6 CO21g2 + 6 H2O1l2 goes into the conversion of ADP to ATP, how many moles of ATP can be produced for each mole of glucose?arrow_forwardIn glycolysis, the reaction of glucose (Glu) to form glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) requires ATP to be present as described by the following equation: Glu+ ATP→G6) + ADP AG° = - 17KJ In this process, ATP becomes ADP summarized by the following equation: ATP→ ADP A G° =- 30 kJ What is the standard free energy change for the following reaction: Glu →G6P AG° =? A 17 k) B) -13 k) c) 13 kJ -17 kJarrow_forward
- a) As stated in question 5a, glucose (C6H12O6(s)) is a source of cellular energy. Calculate the standard free energy for the metabolism of glucose: Given ΔG°C6H12O6(s) = -911kJ/mol; ΔG°O2(g) = 0kJ/mol; ΔG°CO2 = -394kJ/mol; ΔG°H2O(l) = -237kJ/molC6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g) ➝ 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) b) Cells couple the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) andinorganic phosphate (PO43–) to drive chemical reactions (i.e. as a source of chemical energy). The reaction is: ATP(aq) + H2O(l) ➝ ADP(aq) + PO43–(aq) Calculate K for this reaction if ΔG° = –30.5 kJ/mole. c) If all of the energy from glucose metabolism went into ATP synthesis from ADP and inorganicphosphate, how many molecules of ATP could be generated from each molecule of glucose?arrow_forwardConsider the coupled reactions: kcal AGO'= -16.3 mol 1,3-ВPG 3-PG + Pi AG°'= -7.3 kcal mol ATP → ADP + P; What is the net reaction? 3-PG + ADP + Pi→ 1,3-BPG + ATP 3-PG + ATP → 1,3-BPG + ADP + P¡ O 1,3-BPG + ADP + P¡ –→ 3-PG + ATP O 1,3-BPG + ATP → 3-PG + ADP + P¡arrow_forward1. Statement 1: beside its value for jewelries currency and electronics gold is also important in the health profession. Statement 2: Salts of Au+ is used in the treatment of certain types of rheumatoid arthritis2.Statement 1: Cellular restoration allows organisms to liberate the energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose. Statement 2: C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP, In this reaction glucose is reduce and oxygen is oxidized.3. Statement 1: The reaction of a metal with either an acid or a metal salt is called displacement reactions because the ion in the solution is to replace through reduction of an element. Statement 2: When metals undergo displacement reactions with acids, salts and hydrogen gas is produced. A - If the first statement is TRUE and the second statement is FALSE B - If the first statement is FALSE and the second statement is TRUE C - If both statements are TRUE D - If both statements are FALSEarrow_forward
- Running a mile in ten minutes burns between 100 and 120 calories for a 150-pound person. For the same run, a 200-pound person needs about 135-155 calories. In grams, how much ATP is required for this workout? ATP has a molecular mass of 507 g/mol. ATP's g-phosphate group hydrolysis has a free energy of -32 kJ/mol. One calorie is equal to 1000 calories, and one calorie is equal to 4.184 kilojoules (kJ). How much glucose do you need to fuel this run, both aerobically and anaerobically? Assume that one glucose molecule yields 30 ATP when processed aerobically. Molality of glucose is 180g/mol.arrow_forwardWhat is the relationship between free-energy change for a reaction and it's equilibrium constant?arrow_forwardIn glycolysis, the reaction of glucose (Glu) to form glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) requires ATP to be present as described by the following equation:Glu+ATP⟶G6P+ADP ΔG°=−17 kJ In this process, ATP becomes ADP summarized by the following equation:ATP⟶ADP ΔG°=−30 kJ Determine the standard free energy change for the following reaction, and explain why ATP is necessary to drive this process:Glu⟶G6P ΔG°=?arrow_forward
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