(a) Interpretation: The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here: The missing information pertaining to the relative amounts of the para isomers that are produced as well as the sum of the amounts of ortho and para products are to be supplied. Concept introduction: The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.1YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

The missing information pertaining to the relative amounts of the para isomers that are produced as well as the sum of the amounts of ortho and para products are to be supplied.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

Based on the information, whether each substituent is an ortho/para director or a meta director is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

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Predict the product for the reaction between m-ethylbenzoyl chloride (see Problem 20.35) and each of the following. Draw the complete, detailed mechanism for each reaction. If no reaction is expected to occur, write “no reaction." (a) (CH3CH2)2CuLi; (b) LİAIH(O-t-Bu)3, – 78 °C; (c) NaBH4, EtOH; (d) C6H5MgBr (excess), then H*

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Predict the product for the reaction between m-ethylbenzoyl chloride and each of the following. Draw the complete, detailed mechanism for each reaction. If no reaction is expected to occur, write “no reaction." (a) NaOH, then H30*; (b) CH3NHLI; (c) CH;CH,OK; (d) C6H5CO,K; (e) CH3CI; (f) CH;OCH3 `CI m-Ethylbenzoyl chloride

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.1YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

The missing information pertaining to the relative amounts of the para isomers that are produced as well as the sum of the amounts of ortho and para products are to be supplied.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

Based on the information, whether each substituent is an ortho/para director or a meta director is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

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See solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.1YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

The missing information pertaining to the relative amounts of the para isomers that are produced as well as the sum of the amounts of ortho and para products are to be supplied.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

Based on the information, whether each substituent is an ortho/para director or a meta director is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.1YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

The missing information pertaining to the relative amounts of the para isomers that are produced as well as the sum of the amounts of ortho and para products are to be supplied.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

Based on the information, whether each substituent is an ortho/para director or a meta director is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

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Answer 5

Chapter 23, Problem 23.1YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

The missing information pertaining to the relative amounts of the para isomers that are produced as well as the sum of the amounts of ortho and para products are to be supplied.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

Based on the information, whether each substituent is an ortho/para director or a meta director is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Answer 6

Chapter 23, Problem 23.1YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

The missing information pertaining to the relative amounts of the para isomers that are produced as well as the sum of the amounts of ortho and para products are to be supplied.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Answer 7

Chapter 23, Problem 23.1YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

The missing information pertaining to the relative amounts of the para isomers that are produced as well as the sum of the amounts of ortho and para products are to be supplied.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

Based on the information, whether each substituent is an ortho/para director or a meta director is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The iodo (–I) and formyl (–CHO) groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of ortho and meta nitration products obtained for each substituent are shown here:

Based on the information, whether each substituent is an ortho/para director or a meta director is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The substituent on the benzene ring prior to substitution dictates the regiochemistry of the reaction. Some substituents are designated as ortho/para directors because they lead to product mixtures consisting primarily of the ortho- and para-disubstituted products. Other substituents are designated as meta directors because they favor the formation of the meta-disubstituted product. The results from nitration reactions are summarized in Table 23-1:

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.1P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.2P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.3P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.4P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.5P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.6P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.7P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.8P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.9P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.10P

Solution Summary: The iodo and formyl groups are not listed in Table 23-1. The relative amounts of para isomers and the sum of the ortho and para products are shown.

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Chapter 23 Solutions