Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134711751
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 23, Problem 16PS
Summary Introduction
To propose: A hypothesis to determine the kind of inherited mutation in person M who produced more red blood cells than the average human.
Concept introduction:
The increased number of red blood cells (RBCs) or erythrocytes is known as erythrocytosis. The main function of RBCs is to transport oxygen from lungs to the rest of the body. Erythrocytosis is usually triggered by a genetic mutation erythropoietin in the bone marrow that directs the production of RBCs.
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1. What is an allele?
2. What is a point mutation?
3. How are point mutations related to alleles?
Use these sites to find the answer please:
https://www.britannica.com/story/whats-the-difference-between-a-gene-and-an-allele
http://rosalind.info/glossary/point-mutation/
Suppose that you could undergo genetic testing at age 18 for susceptibility to a genetic disease that would not appear until middle age and has no available treatment. a. What would be some of the possible reasons for having such a genetic test and some of the possible reasons for not having the test? b. Would you personally want to be tested? Explain your reasoning.
How might a point mutation in DNA affect the phenotype. How the genome is expressed in the organism? (Please explain this at the molecular level).
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Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (6th Edition)
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- In Avery et al.’s experiments, they used a general proteinase that can break down many types of protein, rather than a protein-degrading enzyme that broke down only one type of protein. Why was this still not sufficient to show that protein was not the genetic material?arrow_forwardImagine that you need to run an experiment that requires you to alter the current genetic make of your organism. You have two options: using nitrite or acridine orange. Which one would you choose considering the effectiveness of the treatment and why? State in no more than 3 sentences.arrow_forwardDetermine which statements could be used as evidence to support the argument that "DNA influences the proteins that are made" and which statements are just facts. [Select all that apply.] The HBB gene that makes beta-globin has several abnormal alleles, including HbS, HbC, and HbE. Sickle cell disease has been successfully treated using bone marrow transplantation in children and adults. The symptoms of sickle cell anemia may not appear in individuals who only carry one HbS allele, but are always apparent when both alleles are HbS. If oxygen is removed from red blood cells made by two HbS alleles, the cell will form a sickle shape.arrow_forward
- In an epic battle, the Green Goblin was able to wound Spider-Man and collect a sample of his cells. Utilizing a HuMouse model organism, the Goblin got the mutated chromosomes into the animals and began breeding them to determine the basis of their chromosomal inheritance. In the process of conducting his research, he discovered the gene associated with spider-like powers are actually three distinct genes: one for spider sense; one for super strength; one for enhanced agility. All genes appear to be dominant, so the Goblin runs a test cross and gets the following results: Phenotype Agility Number of Progeny 94 Agility and Sense 3 All 3 Powers 580 Sense 40 Strength and Agility Strength and Sense Strength 45 89 5 No Powers 592 What is the map distance between Strength and Agility genes? (Enter your number as map units, or centiMorgans, but without units)arrow_forwardCompare the segment of DNA for normal hemoglobin with the segment for sickle-cell hemoglobin below. Sickle-cell disease is caused by a mutation. Normal Sickle-cell hemoglobin DNA hemoglobin DNA ... GIAIICIA ... ... Normal hemoglobin Sickle-cell hemoglobin Normal red blood cells A sickled red blood cell substitution inversion deletion translocationarrow_forwardSynpolydactyly is an abnormality characterized by webbing between partially or completely duplicated fingers or toes (Figure 18.15). The same mutations that cause the human phenotype give rise to a similar phenotype in mice. In what family of genes do you think these mutations occur?arrow_forward
- Discuss the role of mutation in the origin of genetic polymorphisms. Suppose that a genetic polymorphism involves two alleles at frequencies of 0.45 and 0.55. Describe three different scenarios to explain these observed allele frequencies. You can propose that the mutations that produced the polymorphism are neutral, beneficial, or deleterious.arrow_forwardWhat common mutation occurs in many human cancers? Explain how it can have this effect.arrow_forwardDescribe how a gene family is produced. Discuss the common and unique features of the members of the globin gene family.What topic in genetics does this question address?arrow_forward
- Alternate versions of genes (different alleles) account for This is why siblings don't always look the same or have different characteristics of the parents. 15 in inherited characteristics. A mutations randomization c) functions D) variationsarrow_forwardYou are an expert in DNA-repair mechanisms. You receive a sample of a human cell line derived from a woman who has symptoms of xeroderma pigmentosum. You determine that she has a mutation in a gene that has not been previously associated with XP. How is this possible?arrow_forwardYou are working in a lab that studies stickleback fish. These fish normally have three spines that occur on the back of the stickleback. One day you notice that a young stickleback has no spines on its back but instead has three spines growing out of the top of its head! (answer both questions) question 1: A mutation in what type of gene is probably the cause of this unusual situation? Why? question #2: would you expect the proteins that make the spines to be different in the mutant fish compared to a wildtype fish. Why or why not?arrow_forward
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Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY