Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 22, Problem 7TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Evolution refers to the changes which can be transferred from the parents to the offsprings. Historically, anatomies of extinct and modern species were compared to understand evolution, but after the arrival of noble methods for analyzing DNA sequences, molecular processes can be taken into consideration to understand evolution. Studying and sequencing of the genome of various organisms has played an important role in understanding evolution. Genes having a common ancestral gene are known as homologous genes.
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Which of the following is true regarding the presence of a multigene family?
A. Multigene families are produced by any sort of chromosomal rearrangement.
B. Multigene families are produced whenever a transposon is inserted into a gene.
C. Multigene families are produced by all types of mutation, including single base substitutions.
D. Multigene families are produced by some mutations that involve duplication.
In the lab, you discover two yeast haploid mutants that cannot produce arginine. You cross them together and the resulting diploid produces arginine. If producing arginine is the wild type phenotype, what can you definitively conclude?
A.The haploid strains have identical mutations in the same genes.
B.The haploid strains have identical mutations in different genes.
C.The haploid strains have mutations in different genes.
D.The haploid strains have mutations in the same gene.
E.The haploid strains must belong to the complementation group encoding the first enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway.
With regard to gene duplications, which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?a. Gene duplications may be caused by nonallelic homologousrecombination.b. Large gene duplications are more likely to be harmful thansmaller ones.c. Gene duplications are responsible for creating gene familiesthat encode proteins with similar and specialized functions.d. All of the above statements are correct.
Chapter 22 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 22.1 - Overview of Evolution Experimental Questions What...Ch. 22.1 - Overview of Evolution Experimental Questions...Ch. 22.1 - Overview of Evolution Experimental Questions...Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 22.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 22.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 22.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 22.3 - The Molecular Processes Concept Check: Why do...Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 1CS
Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 22 - Prob. 1TYCh. 22 - Lamarcks vision of evolution differed from Darwins...Ch. 22 - Which of the following scientists influenced...Ch. 22 - Prob. 4TYCh. 22 - Vestigial structures are anatomical structures a....Ch. 22 - Which of the following is an example of a...Ch. 22 - Prob. 7TYCh. 22 - Prob. 8TYCh. 22 - Prob. 9TYCh. 22 - Prob. 10TYCh. 22 - Evolution that results in adaptation is rooted in...Ch. 22 - What is convergent evolution? How does it support...Ch. 22 - Prob. 3CQCh. 22 - Prob. 1COQCh. 22 - Prob. 2COQ
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- Usually, the mutant alleles studied in Drosophila experiments are recessive because: A. they are difficult to create. B. they are loss of function mutations. C. they do not survive as long as dominant alleles. D. they do not occur in wild-type flies.arrow_forwardWhen comparing evolutionary similarities between different genes within a gene family, it is usually more straightforward to compare genes by using the protein sequences of gene products rather than DNA sequences of the genes themselves. Explain why this is the case. (Write 5 points)arrow_forwardA researcher examines genes for several proteins that are quite similar in both structure and function. He is interested in determining whether the genes form a multigene family and in working out which of the proteins arose first evolutionarily. What would be the BEST approach to take to address this question? Be careful to look for the best approach; some other approaches could also provide useful information while being less definitive. A. The researcher should sequence the genes and compare their sequences. The most similar genes are likely the most closely related, while those that have more base differences probably diverged earlier. B. The researcher should examine the functions of the proteins. Those with the most similar functions are the most closely related. C. The researcher should induce mutations in the genes to see how these affect the function. The most mutations needed to cause changes in the function of the protein, the older the gene. D. The researcher should…arrow_forward
- A researcher examines genes for several proteins that are quite similar in both structure and function. He is interested in determining whether the genes form a multigene family and in working out which of the proteins arose first evolutionarily. What would be the BEST approach to take to address this question? Be careful to look for the best approach; some other approaches could also provide useful information while being less definitive. A. The researcher should sequence the genes and compare their sequences. The most similar genes are likely the most closely related, while those that have more base differences probably diverged earlier. B. The researcher should examine the functions of the proteins. Those with the most similar functions are the most closely related. C. The researcher should induce mutations in the genes to see how these affect the function. The most mutations needed to cause changes in the function of the protein, the older the gene. D. The…arrow_forwardWhich of the following are types of segmentation genes? a. Gap genes b. Pair-rule genes c. Segment-polarity genes d. All of the above are types of segmentation genes.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements describes an example of a phenocopy? Explain your reasoning. a. Phenylketonuria results from a recessive mutation that causes light skin as well as intellectual disability. b. Human height is influenced by genes at many different loci. c. Dwarf plants and mottled leaves in tomatoes are caused by separate genes that are linked. d. Vestigial wings in Drosophila are produced by a recessive mutation. This trait is also produced by high temperature during development. e. Intelligence in humans is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.arrow_forward
- An example of a single gene disorder is O a. Cri-du-chat Syndrome O b. Phenylketournia O c. Patau Syndrome Od.Fragile X Syndrome O e. Turner's Syndromearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about molecular markersare true?A. All molecular markers are segments of DNA that carryspecific genes.B. A molecular marker is a segment of DNA that is found at aspecific location in a genome.C. We can follow the transmission of a molecular marker byanalyzing the phenotype (i.e., the physical characteristics)of offspring.D. We can follow the transmission of molecular markers usingmolecular techniques such as gel electrophoresis.E. An STS is a molecular marker.arrow_forwardYou were taking care of your heffalumps, and you notice that a few of the new babies have a strange phenotype you’ve never seen before. They are polka-dotted! You decide to sequence samples from the polka-dot babies to find the mutation that caused this novel phenotype. What kind of genetics is this? a. Reverse Genetics b. Epigenetics c. Forward Genetics d. Genomics e. None of the abovearrow_forward
- Are the following examples a description of genetics at the molecular, cellular, organismal, or populational level? A. People with cystic fibrosis have lung problems due to a buildup of mucus in their lungs B. The mutant CF gene encodes a chloride transporter that doesn't transport chloride ions very well. C. A defect in the chloride transporter causes a salt imbalance in lung cells.arrow_forward1) What is the human gene TRNT1? Explain what the wild type and mutant forms do. 2) What is the human gene TRNT1? Explain what the wild type and mutant forms do.arrow_forwardGenes present in different species having a clear sequence and functional relationship are called (A) orthologs (B) paralogs (C) alleles (D) isoallelearrow_forward
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