Which of the following statements about molecular markersare true?A. All molecular markers are segments of DNA that carryspecific genes.B. A molecular marker is a segment of DNA that is found at aspecific location in a genome.C. We can follow the transmission of a molecular marker byanalyzing the phenotype (i.e., the physical characteristics)of offspring.D. We can follow the transmission of molecular markers usingmolecular techniques such as gel electrophoresis.E. An STS is a molecular marker.

Which of the following evolutionary changes is an illustration of horizontal gene transfer? the human point mutation which changes a T into an A in the sickle-cell b-globin gene B. origin of the tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum) from its diploid ancestor (Solanum stenotomum) non-disjunction of the duplicated human chromosome 21, causing Down’s syndrome D. the green sea slug acquiring the genes for making chlorophyll from the chloroplasts of green algae the single gene deletion which can reduce the variety of mating types in yeast

Which of the following statements about calico cats is true? Select all that apply.

Because of recombination: a. new alleles are created. b. haplotypes shorten with each generation. c. genetic diversity is decreased. d. female and male phenotypes differ. e. None of the above is correct

The expression of a trait, such as brown or black coat color in a guinea pig is known as the organism's: a. gene linkage b. gene pool O c. phenotype Od. genotype O e. alleles

What did the Hershey / Chase experiments (above) demonstrate about the molecules responsible for genetic inheritance patterns in the T2 bacteriophage? A. the genetic material consists of carbohydrates, not RNA B. the genetic material consists of protein, not lipids C. the genetic material consists of DNA, not polypeptides D. the genetic material consists of protein, not DNA E. the genetic material consists of lipids, not polypeptides

Match the numbered concepts to the lettered facts. Explain why each pair is the best match. (1) Gene Duplication     (2) Molecular Clock       (3) Pseudogene    (4) SINES and LINES  a.  Different kinds of globin chains arose over time including myoglobin, alpha globin, beta globin 1, delta globin, and beta globin 2.b.  The two human beta globin genes, 1 and 2, differ at 20 base pair sites; only beta gene 1 produces a functional protein.c.  In human hemoglobin, the delta polypeptide chain differs by 39 amino acid sites vs. the beta chain.d.  The human alpha globin gene and the mouse alpha globin gene are orthologous to each other.

Researchers studying the Dutch famine of the winter of 1944-45 found that effects of malnutrition during pregnancy were still seen two generations later, for example in rates of obesity. How could this environmental effect be inherited over generations? Choose the most likely answer A. The results were an artefact, because environmental conditions were not taken into account. B. Histone modifications such as acetylation are passed on through generations. C. All methylation patterns are scrubbed during development of an embryo. D. DNA methylation patterns can be passed on in a parent-of-origin specific manner.

With regard to gene duplications, which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?a. Gene duplications may be caused by nonallelic homologousrecombination.b. Large gene duplications are more likely to be harmful thansmaller ones.c. Gene duplications are responsible for creating gene familiesthat encode proteins with similar and specialized functions.d. All of the above statements are correct.