BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 21, Problem 4U
Homologous structures
a. are structures in two or more species that originate as the same structure in a common ancestor.
b. are structures that look the same in different species.
c. cannot serve different functions in different species.
d. must serve different functions in different species.
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Students have asked these similar questions
A. Which two alien species are likely to be the most related? Why?
B. Which two alien species are likely the least related? Why?
C. In this cladogram, how many times have lineages diverged?
D. On your cladogram, circle the most recent common ancestor of the pingests and persnippys.
What problems does horizontal gene transfer cause for evolutionary biologists?
a. It can make the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees difficult because it can obscure phylogenetic relationships.
b. It can cause physiological problems in some organisms, making it hard to study them.
c. It can make breeding between different individuals of the same species difficult.
d. Because it is the transfer of genes between the same species, it can make individuals look more similar than they actually are.
e. All of the above.
Derived characters are traits:
A. that are more complicated than ancestral characters
B. that characterize the last common ancestor of a particular collection of species.
C. that have evolved after the last common ancestor of a particulan collection of species.
D. that are less well suited to the environment than ancestral characters.
Chapter 21 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 21.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 21.2 - Distinguish between demonstrating that evolution...Ch. 21.3 - Contrast the processes of artificial and natural...Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 21.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 21.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 21.5 - Explain the evolutionary significance of...
Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 21.6 - Prob. 1LOCh. 21.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 21.7 - Characterize the criticisms of evolutionary theory...Ch. 21.7 - Prob. 2LOCh. 21 - Suppose that a male with a beak depth of 10 mm...Ch. 21 - Prob. 1IQCh. 21 - Prob. 2IQCh. 21 - Prob. 3IQCh. 21 - Why might the evolutionary line leading to...Ch. 21 - Artificial selection is different from natural...Ch. 21 - Gaps in the fossil record a. demonstrate our...Ch. 21 - The evolution of modern horses (Equus) is best...Ch. 21 - Homologous structures a. are structures in two or...Ch. 21 - Convergent evolution a. is an example of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 6UCh. 21 - The possession of fine fur in 5-month human...Ch. 21 - In Darwins finches, a. occurrence of wet and dry...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2ACh. 21 - Convergent evolution is often seen among species...Ch. 21 - What conditions are necessary for evolution by...Ch. 21 - Explain how data shown in figure 21.2a and b...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3SCh. 21 - Refer to figure 21.5, artificial selection in the...Ch. 21 - The ancestor of horses was a small, many-toed...
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- Which of the following most likely demonstrates that classification is the basis of evolutionary relatedness? A. Organisms that share similar characteristics are impliedly understood to have common ancestors, thus having an evolutionary relationship. B. Classification is to organize organisms into groups based on their differences and similarities and evolutionary history, so as evolution changes, classification will also change C. Classification based on evolutionary relatedness always infer that all organisms that evolved similarly shares the same history. D. Homologous structures among organisms depicts the same evolutionary history or paths.arrow_forwardIn Figure 2 a diagram shows how traits are shared (or not shared) in different generations. Based on the diagram: a. A, represents a plesiomorph trait. In how many generations is A shared (symplesiomorph)? b. C represents an apomorphictrait. What generations share C (synapomorphy)? c. E is considered an autapomorphic trait. Why do you think? d. What about B and D? How do we classify them?arrow_forwardA good “phylogenetic” species is one that is A. The smallest diagnosable cluster of organisms within which there is a pattern of ancestry and descent B. The most inclusive population of individuals having the potential for phenotypic cohesion through intrinsic cohesion mechanisms. C. Morphologically distinctive from other groups of organisms D. An actually or potentially interbreeding group that is reproductively isolated from other such groups.arrow_forward
- Species A and B have long wings, whereas species C has short wings. Which of the following pieces of evidence would best support the hypothesis that long wings are a synapomorphy? A. DNA evidence showing that species B and C are sister species B. Fossil evidence showing that the common ancestor of species A, B, and C had short wings C. DNA evidence showing that species A and C are sister species D. Fossil evidence showing that the common ancestor of species A, B, and C had long wings E. Evidence showing that species A and B live in an environment that favors long wings, whereas species C lives in an environment that favors short wingsarrow_forwardShown above are three possible phylogenetic trees for species I, II and III reconstructed based on the 4-nucleotide DNA sequences given in the righthand table. In every tree, each hatchmark on a branch represents a single base-change event. The most parsimonious tree would be - A. Both X and Y. B. X. C. Y. D. Both Y and Z. E. Z.arrow_forwardSome embryos share many similarities and are difficult to tell apart, while others are slightly easier. What can you conclude about the similarities and differences between the embryos of different species? Select one: a. The more closely related species show differences from the earlier stages. b. The more closely related species share similarities until the later stages. c. The more distantly related species share similarities until the later stages. d. The more distantly related species show differences in only the later stages.arrow_forward
- The challenge in using sequence data to estimate the evolutionary tree for all living things is to find a gene that shows recognizable sequence similarities even between highly distantly related species . Which of the following should NOT be among the features of this gene? A. The gene subject to strong diversifying selection. B. It is present in all organisms. C. It encodes a product whose function is essential. D. The function of the gene must have remained the same in all organisms.arrow_forwardA phylogenetic tree is different from a cladogram in that ... Group of answer choices A: it shows that all species are not related to a common ancestor, but each has a distinct archetype. B: it represents the time scale of evolution, including where extinct species fit in. C: it uses an outgroup to compare a small group of species that exhibit similar traits D: it is not based on genetic or morphological evidence.arrow_forwarda. draw a diagonal tree b. Which organism is an outgroup? c. Which organisms are sister taxa or share a common ancestor?arrow_forward
- Parallel evolution, convergent evolution and character state reversals are all examples of Select one: a. synapomorphy b. homoplasy c. homologyarrow_forwardThe biological species concept is based on the assumption that species are reproductively isolated and do not share genes. And yet a number of organisms that are considered different species hybridize (mate and exchange genes). Hybridization between different species is more common in plants than in animals. Propose some possible reasons for this difference.arrow_forwardIn order to determine polarity for different states of a character a. there must be a fossil record of the groups in question. b. genetic sequence data must be available. c. an appropriate name for the taxonomic group must be selected. d. an outgroup must be identified.arrow_forward
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Phylogenetic Mysteries: Crash Course Zoology #12; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVaw7nF72Aw;License: Standard youtube license