BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 21, Problem 1IQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: The relationship in the figure if the difference in beak shape was affected by an environmental factor and not by genetic differences.
Introduction: The theory of evolution by natural selection was proposed by Charles Darwin. According to this theory, the population should have a
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A naturalist is visiting an island in the middle of Lake Superior and observes a new bird species with three distinct types of beaks. Those with short crushing beaks (BB) feed on oak nuts; those with long delicate beaks (bb) pick the seeds from pine cones; and those with intermediate beaks (Bb) feed on both oak nuts and pine cones. (Note: because their beaks are structurally & functionally inadequate, few Bb offspring successfully reach adulthood). Let’s assume that this difference in beak morphology is the result of incomplete dominance in a single gene. In a year in which most of the food available on the island is in the form of hard oak nuts, which of the mated pairs below will produce the most offspring that will be able to survive to adulthood? Use Punnett squares to back up your answer. List all phenotypes and genotypes.
a.) Bb x Bb
b.) Bb x bb
c.) BB x Bb
d.) BB x bb
Chapter 21 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 21.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 21.2 - Distinguish between demonstrating that evolution...Ch. 21.3 - Contrast the processes of artificial and natural...Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 21.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 21.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 21.5 - Explain the evolutionary significance of...
Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 21.6 - Prob. 1LOCh. 21.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 21.7 - Characterize the criticisms of evolutionary theory...Ch. 21.7 - Prob. 2LOCh. 21 - Suppose that a male with a beak depth of 10 mm...Ch. 21 - Prob. 1IQCh. 21 - Prob. 2IQCh. 21 - Prob. 3IQCh. 21 - Why might the evolutionary line leading to...Ch. 21 - Artificial selection is different from natural...Ch. 21 - Gaps in the fossil record a. demonstrate our...Ch. 21 - The evolution of modern horses (Equus) is best...Ch. 21 - Homologous structures a. are structures in two or...Ch. 21 - Convergent evolution a. is an example of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 6UCh. 21 - The possession of fine fur in 5-month human...Ch. 21 - In Darwins finches, a. occurrence of wet and dry...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2ACh. 21 - Convergent evolution is often seen among species...Ch. 21 - What conditions are necessary for evolution by...Ch. 21 - Explain how data shown in figure 21.2a and b...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3SCh. 21 - Refer to figure 21.5, artificial selection in the...Ch. 21 - The ancestor of horses was a small, many-toed...
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- What are the evolutionary factors that caused some birds to acquire complex patterns of seasonal migration between temperate and tropical areas?arrow_forwardA naturalist is visiting an island in the middle of Lake Superior and observes a new bird species with three distinct types of beaks. Those with short crushing beaks (BB) feed on oak nuts; those with long delicate beaks (bb) pick the seeds from pine cones, and those with intermediate beaks (Bb) feed on both oak nuts and pine cones. (Note: because their beaks are structurally & functionally inadequate, few Bb offspring successfully reach adulthood). Let’s assume that this difference in beak morphology is the result of incomplete dominance in a single gene. In a year in which most of the food available on the island is in the form of hard oak nuts, which of the mated pairs below will produce the most offspring that will be able to survive to adulthood? Use Punnett squares to back up your answer. List all phenotypes and genotypes. Bb x Bb Bb x bb BB x Bb BB x bbarrow_forwardDarwin’s finches (Thraupidae, Passeriformes) have beaks of different shapes that allow them to feed on many different diets: insects, seeds, berries, and young leaves. For example, large ground finch has a very deep and broad bill adapted to crack hard and large seeds, while the cactus finch has an elongated and pointy beak for probing cactus flowers and fruits. Geospiza finch bills develop their distinct shapes during embryogenesis and are apparent upon hatching. Figure below is species-tree estimation of phylogenetic relationships among the Galápagos finches using mtDNA and nuclear loci information. ***Branch lengths are proportional to time and genetic distance except for abbreviated basal node depth.*** Photographs of profiles of each species are shown. Identify all species pair(s) who have the most similar DNA sequence and clearly explain why. Would Ce. fusca and Ce. olivacea be considered as one of the pair with the most similar DNA sequence given that "branch lengths are…arrow_forward
- Darwin’s finches (Thraupidae, Passeriformes) have beaks of different shapes that allow them to feed on many different diets: insects, seeds, berries, and young leaves. For example, large ground finch has a very deep and broad bill adapted to crack hard and large seeds, while the cactus finch has an elongated and pointy beak for probing cactus flowers and fruits. Geospiza finch bills develop their distinct shapes during embryogenesis and are apparent upon hatching. Figure below is species-tree estimation of phylogenetic relationships among the Galápagos finches using mtDNA and nuclear loci information. ***Branch lengths are proportional to time and genetic distance except for abbreviated basal node depth.*** Photographs of profiles of each species are shown. Identify all species pair(s) who have the most similar DNA sequence and clearly explain why. Would Ce. fusca and Ce. olivacea be considered as one of the pair with the most similar DNA sequence given that "branch lengths are…arrow_forwardDarwin’s finches (Thraupidae, Passeriformes) have beaks of different shapes that allow them to feed on many different diets: insects, seeds, berries, and young leaves. For example, large ground finch has a very deep and broad bill adapted to crack hard and large seeds, while the cactus finch has an elongated and pointy beak for probing cactus flowers and fruits. Geospiza finch bills develop their distinct shapes during embryogenesis and are apparent upon hatching. Figure below is species-tree estimation of phylogenetic relationships among the Galápagos finches using mtDNA and nuclear loci information. Branch lengths are proportional to time and genetic distance except for abbreviated basal node depth. Photographs of profiles of each species are shown. Identify all species pair(s) who have the most similar DNA sequence and explain why.arrow_forwardDarwin’s finches (Thraupidae, Passeriformes) have beaks of different shapes that allow them to feed on many different diets: insects, seeds, berries, and young leaves. For example, large ground finch has a very deep and broad bill adapted to crack hard and large seeds, while the cactus finch has an elongated and pointy beak for probing cactus flowers and fruits. Geospiza finch bills develop their distinct shapes during embryogenesis and are apparent upon hatching. Figure below is species-tree estimation of phylogenetic relationships among the Galápagos finches using mtDNA and nuclear loci information. ***Branch lengths are proportional to time and genetic distance except for abbreviated basal node depth.*** Photographs of profiles of each species are shown. Identify all species pair(s) who have the most similar DNA sequence and clearly explain why. Would Ce. fusca and Ce. olivacea be considered as one of the pair with the most similar DNA sequence given that "branch lengths are…arrow_forward
- Darwin’s finches (Thraupidae, Passeriformes) have beaks of different shapes that allow them to feed on many different diets: insects, seeds, berries, and young leaves. For example, large ground finch has a very deep and broad bill adapted to crack hard and large seeds, while the cactus finch has an elongated and pointy beak for probing cactus flowers and fruits. Geospiza finch bills develop their distinct shapes during embryogenesis and are apparent upon hatching. Figure below is species-tree estimation of phylogenetic relationships among the Galápagos finches using mtDNA and nuclear loci information. Branch lengths are proportional to time and genetic distance except for abbreviated basal node depth. Photographs of profiles of each species are shown. Identify all species pair(s) who have the most similar DNA sequence and explain why. Does branch length matter in determining the most similar species regarding DNA?arrow_forwardIn birds of paradise that populate tropical rainforest ecosystems, bright colored beaks and feathers are commonly found. These phenotypes continue to persist, even though brightly colored birds are more easily seen by predators. Which of the following would best describe the reason behind the persistence of these phenotypes in birds of paradise?arrow_forwardOne of Darwin’s finches, the medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis), is found on the small island of Daphne Major. These finches are seedeating birds. A major drought occurred on the island in 1977. Following the drought, the average beak size of medium ground finches had increased about 3%–4%. Why might a drought lead to an evolutionary change in beak size? Propose a hypothesis and explain how you could go about testing it.arrow_forward
- Darwin’s finches have different beaks in terms of size and shape to be able to eat different food sources like insects, nectar, and seeds. Cactus finches have longer, more pointed beaks to probe cactus flowers compared to their relatives, the ground finches. If a plant disease killed a large portion of the cacti on the Galapagos islands, what would the future populations of finches look like in terms of beak size and shape? Use your knowledge of natural selection to determine which option is most likely. Ground finches would survive and pass on their shorter and wider beaks, so there would be a higher proportion of finches in future generations that have short and wide beaks. Ground finches would survive and pass on their beaks, but they would mate with the remaining cactus finches, creating a new hybrid that is somewhere between short versus long and narrow versus wide. Cactus finches would compete for food with ground finches and exhibit resource partitioning, so the beaks…arrow_forwardWhat is migration? Why do animals show this phenomenon?arrow_forwardWhat contributed to the natural selection of the finches' beaks?arrow_forward
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