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David Lyons, CEO of Lyons Solar Technologies, is concerned about his firm’s level of debt financing. The company uses short-term debt to finance its temporary working capital needs, but it does not use any permanent (long-term) debt. Other solar technology companies have debt, and Mr. Lyons wonders why they use debt and what its effects are on stock prices. To gain some insights into the matter, he poses the following questions to you, his recently hired assistant:
d. Suppose that Firms U and L have the same input values as in Part c except for debt of $980,000. Also, both firms have total net operating capital of $2,000,000 and both firms are expected to grow at a constant rate of 7%. (Assume that the EBIT in part c is expected at t = 1.) Use the compressed adjusted present value (APV) model to estimate the value of U and L. Also estimate the levered
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Financial Management: Theory & Practice
- David Lyons, CEO of Lyons Solar Technologies, is concerned about his firms level of debt financing. The company uses short-term debt to finance its temporary working capital needs, but it does not use any permanent (long-term) debt. Other solar technology companies have debt, and Mr. Lyons wonders why they use debt and what its effects are on stock prices. To gain some insights into the matter, he poses the following questions to you, his recently hired assistant: Now assume that Firms L and U are both subject to a 25% corporate tax rate. Using the data given in part b, repeat the analysis called for in parts b(1) and b(2) using assumptions from the MM model with taxes.arrow_forwardDavid Lyons, CEO of Lyons Solar Technologies, is concerned about his firms level of debt financing. The company uses short-term debt to finance its temporary working capital needs, but it does not use any permanent (long-term) debt. Other solar technology companies have debt, and Mr. Lyons wonders why they use debt and what its effects are on stock prices. To gain some insights into the matter, he poses the following questions to you, his recently hired assistant: e. Suppose the expected free cash flow for Year 1 is 250,000 but it is expected to grow faster than 7% during the next 3 years: FCF2 = 290,000 and FCF3 = 320,000, after which it will grow at a constant rate of 7%. The expected interest expense at Year 1 is 128,000, but it is expected to grow over the next couple of years before the capital structure becomes constant: Interest expense at Year 2 will be 152,000, at Year 3 it will be 192,000 and it will grow at 7% thereafter. What is the estimated horizon unlevered value of operations (i.e., the value at Year 3 immediately after the FCF at Year 3)? What is the current unlevered value of operations? What is the horizon value of the tax shield at Year 3? What is the current value of the tax shield? What is the current total value? The tax rate and unlevered cost of equity remain at 25% and 14%, respectively.arrow_forwardAssume you are the management accountant for the Foleo Group. James and Leon have called you and the CFO into a meeting to discuss concerns they have with the number of SliFones that are being returned by customers under warranty. They have pulled some numbers from the accounting system and elsewhere regarding not only the warranty costs, but also other expenses associated with the quality of the phones for the current year. The directors have handed you the below costs and asked you to look into why faulty SliFones are being returned by customers. \table[[Quality Activity,\table[[Cost of Quality],[Activity]]],[Testing phones during production processes,$25,000arrow_forward
- James Madison was brought in as assistant to Computron’s chairman, who had the task of getting the company back into a sound financial position. Madison must prepare an analysis of where the company is now, what it must do to regain its financial health, and what actions to take. Your assignment is to help her answer the following questions, using the recent and projected financial information shown next. Provide clear explanations, not yes or no answers. Calculate the debt ratio, liabilities-to-assets ratio, times-interest-earned, and EBITDA coverage ratios. How does Computron compare with the industry with respect to financial leverage? What can you conclude from these ratios?arrow_forwardSimon and Yuri are two accountants for a large financial firm. When trying to devise a long-term accounting strategy, the two have a disagreement. “We should be as transparent as possible when disclosing our financial information,” Simon suggests. “If investors have access to our books, they will see the long-term gains we are making and feel more comfortable investing.”“It’s not that simple,” Yuri retorts. “What if we have a slow quarter and investors panic? Instead, we should keep our financial information as secret as possible while remaining within the law. That will allow us to keep control over the information available to the public.” *** Question | Simon’s argument is based on which of the following assumptions? A) Concealing financial information from the public is unethical. B) The firm can be transparent while still controlling the flow of information to the public. C) The firm is legally required to disclose all financial records to the public. D) Companies that…arrow_forwardTexo Enterprises is a relatively small and new business firm and you have been appointed as their new Finance Manager. What are your expected functions of this new position?arrow_forward
- The Absco Corporation has requested that Herb Germany, CPA,provide a report to the Northern State Bank as to the existence or nonexistence of certainloan conditions. The conditions to be reported on are the working capital ratio, dividendspaid on preferred stock, aging of accounts receivable, and competence of management.This is Herb’s first experience with Absco. Should Herb accept this engagement? Substantiate your answer.arrow_forwardJames Madison was brought in as assistant to Computron’s chairman, who had the task of getting the company back into a sound financial position. Madison must prepare an analysis of where the company is now, what it must do to regain its financial health, and what actions to take. Your assignment is to help her answer the following questions, using the recent and projected financial information shown next. Provide clear explanations, not yes or no answers. Use the extended DuPont equation to provide a summary and overview of Computron's projected financial condition. What are the firm's major strengths and weaknesses?arrow_forwardTodd Johnson is the vice president of Finance for Boz Zeppelin Industries, Inc. At a recent finance meeting, Todd made the following statement: “The managers of a company should use the same information as the shareholders of the firm. When managers use the same information to guide their internal operations as shareholders use in evaluating their investments, the managers will be aligned with the stockholders’ profit objectives.” Prepare a one-half page memo to Todd discussing any concerns you might have with his statement.arrow_forward
- Mr. Abdullah is an auditor in XYZ LLC. His job is to see the correctness of financial statements and to give suggestions. He came to know that his company is entering into a new product line, so he started discussing about it on various places and about its projection in the future. In this situation there is a chance of _________________. a. None of the options b. Familiarity threat c. Self review threat d. Advocacy threat Clear my choicearrow_forwardYou work as an accountant for a small land development company that desperately needs additionalfinancing to continue in business. The president of your company is meeting with the manager of alocal bank at the end of the month to try to obtain this financing. The president has approached youwith two ideas to improve the company’s reported financial position. First, he claims that because abig part of the company’s value comes from its knowledgeable and dedicated employees, you shouldreport their “Intellectual Abilities” as an asset on the balance sheet. Second, he claims that by reporting the company’s land on the balance sheet at its cost, rather than the much higher amount that realestate appraisers say it’s really worth, the company is understating the true value of its assets.Required:1. Thinking back to Chapter 1, why do you think the president is so concerned with the amountof assets reported on the balance sheet?2. What accounting concept introduced in Chapter 2 relates to the…arrow_forwardWhat if a loyal accountant was asked to fudge some figures on behalf of their company, all while straining under a new mortgage? Imagine that you are the Chief Financial Officer of a medium to large company. It is April and the Chief Executive Officer has just returned from a meeting with the company’s bankers. She calls you to her office to discuss the results of the negotiations. As things stand, the company requires a fairly significant injection of capital which will be used to modernise plant and equipment. The company has been promised new orders if it can produce goods to an international standard. Existing machinery is incapable of manufacturing the required level of quality. Whilst the bank is sympathetic, current lending policies require borrowers to demonstrate an adequate current and projected cash flow, as well as a level of profitability sufficient to indicate a capacity to make repayments from an early date. The problem is that, largely because of some industrial…arrow_forward