Physics for Scientists and Engineers
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337553278
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 21, Problem 40AP
You are working as an assistant to a physics professor. She has seen some presentations you have made to your classes and is aware of your expertise in preparing presentation slides. Her laptop has crashed and she cannot access the presentation slides she needs for her lecture coming up in one hour. Her lecture is on entropy in engine cycles. She asks you to quickly generate two slides on your laptop, both showing TS diagrams, (a) one for the Carnot cycle and (b) one for the Otto cycle. As she leaves, you think, “Uh-oh. What’s a TS diagram?” Quick, you have no time to waste! Get to work!
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Students have asked these similar questions
Problem 1:
Describe a situation in which the entropy of a container of gas is constant. In other words, come up with your
own problem where the answer is that AS = 0.
In a living cell, which is an open system that exchanges energy and matter with the exterior, the entropy can decrease, i.e. dS < 0. Explain how this is possible in terms of de S and di S. How is the Second Law valid in this case?
In discussing the energy of a physiological system, the Gibbs free energy is most relevant. Since the value of entropy cannot be known, change in the Gibbs free energy is more commonly used. In order to get reliable result we should hold all variables constant except the one we are interested in measuring. If you are interested in studying muscle contraction in this perspective, which one of the following should be measured? Select one:
a. Change in pressure
b. Change in electrical charge
c. Change in length
d. Change in temperature
e. Change in number of molecules
Chapter 21 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Ch. 21.1 - The energy input to an engine is 4.00 times...Ch. 21.2 - The energy entering an electric heater by...Ch. 21.4 - Three engines operate between reservoirs separated...Ch. 21.6 - (a) Suppose you select four cards at random from a...Ch. 21.7 - An ideal gas is taken from an initial temperature...Ch. 21.7 - True or False: The entropy change in an adiabatic...Ch. 21 - A particular heat engine has a mechanical power...Ch. 21 - The work done by an engine equals one-fourth the...Ch. 21 - Suppose a heat engine is connected to two energy...Ch. 21 - During each cycle, a refrigerator ejects 625 kJ of...
Ch. 21 - A freezer has a coefficient of performance of...Ch. 21 - A heat pump has a coefficient of performance equal...Ch. 21 - One of the most efficient heat engines ever built...Ch. 21 - Why is the following situation impossible? An...Ch. 21 - If a 35.0% -efficient Carnot heat engine (Fig....Ch. 21 - An ideal refrigerator or ideal heat pump is...Ch. 21 - A heat engine is being designed to have a Carnot...Ch. 21 - A power plant operates at a 32.0% efficiency...Ch. 21 - You are working on a summer job at a company that...Ch. 21 - A Carnot heat engine operates between temperatures...Ch. 21 - An electric generating station is designed to have...Ch. 21 - Suppose you build a two-engine device with the...Ch. 21 - A heat pump used for heating shown in Figure...Ch. 21 - A gasoline engine has a compression ratio of 6.00....Ch. 21 - An idealized diesel engine operates in a cycle...Ch. 21 - (a) Prepare a table like Table 21.1 for the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21PCh. 21 - A Styrofoam cup holding 125 g of hot water at 100C...Ch. 21 - A 1 500-kg car is moving at 20.0 m/s. The driver...Ch. 21 - A 2.00-L container has a center partition that...Ch. 21 - Calculate the change in entropy of 250 g of water...Ch. 21 - What change in entropy occurs when a 27.9-g ice...Ch. 21 - When an aluminum bar is connected between a hot...Ch. 21 - When a metal bar is connected between a hot...Ch. 21 - How fast are you personally making the entropy of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 30APCh. 21 - The energy absorbed by an engine is three times...Ch. 21 - In 1993, the U.S. government instituted a...Ch. 21 - In 1816, Robert Stirling, a Scottish clergyman,...Ch. 21 - Suppose an ideal (Carnot) heat pump could be...Ch. 21 - Review. This problem complements Problem 44 in...Ch. 21 - A firebox is at 750 K, and the ambient temperature...Ch. 21 - A 1.00-mol sample of an ideal monatomic gas is...Ch. 21 - A system consisting of n moles of an ideal gas...Ch. 21 - A heat engine operates between two reservoirs at...Ch. 21 - You are working as an assistant to a physics...Ch. 21 - Prob. 41APCh. 21 - You are working as an expert witness for an...Ch. 21 - An athlete whose mass is 70.0 kg drinks 16.0...Ch. 21 - Prob. 44APCh. 21 - Prob. 45APCh. 21 - A sample consisting of n moles of an ideal gas...Ch. 21 - The compression ratio of an Otto cycle as shown in...
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