Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The name and structural formula of the
Concept introduction:
A functional group is a group of atoms that are responsible for characteristic reactions associated with a compound. The oxidation of
(b)
Interpretation:
The reactants and the products in an esterification reaction in words are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The esterification reaction is the reaction between the alcohol and carboxylic acid to form an ester. The water molecule is eliminated in the reaction and ester linkage is formed between the carboxylic acid and alcohol. In the ester, the carboxyl carbon can be bonded to hydrogen or alkyl group but the oxygen of the carboxyl group must be bonded to an alkyl group.
(c)
Interpretation:
The possible carboxylic acid or ester isomers of
Concept introduction:
Structural isomers are the compounds which have the same molecular formula but different structure. In structural isomers, the arrangement of atoms is different.
The oxidation of aldehyde and ketone result in the formation of carboxylic acid. The general formula of carboxylic acid is
Ester also consists of a carboxyl group in its structure. In ester, the carboxyl carbon can be bonded to hydrogen or alkyl group but the oxygen of the carboxyl group must be bonded to an alkyl group. The general formula of the esters is
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Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach
- Identify which of the following statement(s) is/are true. (f) Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters all contain a carbonyl group. (g) A compound with the molecular formula of C3H6O may be either an aldehyde, a ketone, or a carboxylic acid. (h) Bond angles about the carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, and an ester are all approximately 109.5°. (i) The molecular formula of the smallest aldehyde is C3H6O, and that of the smallest ketone is also C3H6O. (j) The molecular formula of the smallest carboxylic acid is C2H4O2.arrow_forwardDraw the organic product formed when the following compounds undergo a substitution reaction: (a) acetic acid and 1-hexanol; (b) propanoic acid and dimethyl-amine; (c) ethanoic acid and diethylamine.arrow_forwardThe foul odor of rancid butter is caused by butyric acid, CH3CH2CH2CO2H.(a) Draw the Lewis structure and determine the oxidation number and hybridization for each carbon atom in the molecule.(b) The esters formed from butyric acid are pleasant-smelling compounds found in fruits and used in perfumes. Draw the Lewis structure for the ester formed from the reaction of butyric acid with 2-propanol.arrow_forward
- Propane, C3H8, is a hydrocarbon that is commonly used as a fuel.(a) Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of propane gas.(b) Calculate the volume of air at 25 °C and 1.00 atmosphere that is needed to completely combust 25.0 grams of propane. Assume that air is 21.0 percent O2 by volume. (Hint:use the information that 1.00 L of air at 25 °C and 1.00 atm contains 0.275 g of O2 per liter.)(c) The heat of combustion of propane is −2,219.2 kJ/mol. Calculate the heat of formation, ΔH°f of propane given that ΔH°f of H2O(l) = −285.8 kJ/mol and ΔH°f of CO2(g) = −393.5 kJ/mol. (d) Assuming that all of the heat released in burning 25.0 grams of propane is transferred to 4.00 kilograms of water, calculate the increase in temperature of the water.arrow_forwardAcetylene is a very weak acid; however, it will react with moist silver(I) oxide and form water and a compound composed of silver and carbon. Addition of a solution of HCl to a 0.2352-g sample of the compound of silver andcarbon produced acetylene and 0.2822 g of AgCl.(a) What is the empirical formula of the compound of silver and carbon?(b) The production of acetylene on addition of HCl to the compound of silver and carbon suggests that the carbon is present as the acetylide ion, C22− . Write the formula of the compound showing the acetylide ion.arrow_forwardThe functional group of butanone is:(a) Carboxyl(b) ketonic(c) aldehydic(d) alcoholicarrow_forward
- Write structures and describe thephysical properties of carboxylic acidsarrow_forwardIn an esterification reaction, a carboxylic acid reacts with an excess of alcohol in acidic conditions to form an ester. Draw the structure of the ester product in the reaction between pentanoic acid and 1‑propanol.arrow_forwardDraw the expanded structural formula for a carboxylic acid that has the formula C5H10O2C5H10O2, with two methyl substituents.arrow_forward
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