Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: Among the given pair of molecules, the member which is encountered first in the biosynthetic pathway that produces active Vitamin from cholesterol has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: The most important forms of Vitamin D are Vitamin
(b)
Interpretation: Among the given pair of molecules, the member which is encountered first in the biosynthetic pathway that produces active Vitamin
Concept introduction: The most important forms of Vitamin D are Vitamin
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
- Order the steps that results in a triacylglycerol containing two palmitic acids and one stearic acid. a. Diacylglycerol reacts with an fatty-acyl-CoA b. Phosphate is remove from phosphatidic acid to form diacylglycerol c. Two of the fatty acyl-CoAs react with glycerol-3-phosphate d. An elongase produce stearic acid e. Stearoyl-CoA is synthesized…arrow_forwardFill in the blanks and explain the relationship between the paired words/phrases a. methotrexate: dihydrofolate reductase; ___________: thymidylate synthase b. __________: aspartate; purine: glycinearrow_forwardCHOOSE THE CORRECT LETTER When glycogen is synthesized in both the liver and muscle, all the following are true, EXCEPT A.Glucose is transferred from UDP-glucose to a growing glycogen molecule by glycogen synthase.B. Phosphoglucomutase converts glucose 6-phosphate to glucose 1-phosphateC. Glucose 6-phosphate is converted to glucose by a phosphatase.D.Glucose 1-phosphate is activated by UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase to produce UDP-glucose and PPi.arrow_forward
- The structural formula of which vitamin is shown. Write the main functions of this vitamin, what enzymes or what chemical reactions it catalyzes? What are the main foods that contain this vitamin, or describe how this vitamin is being synthetized in a body? Associated diseases. 1. 2. HC- 3. CH, CH-CH-CH-CH.)M CH CH, HO CH, CH,arrow_forward(i) A patient who is diagnosed with thiamine deficiency exhibited fatigue and muscle cramps. The muscle cramps have been related to an accumulation of pyruvate and a- ketoglutarate. Explain the role of thiamine in this case. (ii) Lipoate is synthesized in human from carbohydrate and amino acids. It does not require a vitamin precursor. In the absence of lipoate, there is reduced production of acetyl-CoA, Provide reasons for this observation.arrow_forwardGlutathione is an important intracellular thiol. List fivefunctions of glutathione in the bodyarrow_forward
- All of the following are true with respect to alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, except:A. It inhibits intestinal alpha-glucosidase B. It decreases enzymatic conversion of oligo- to monosaccharidesC. It lowers postprandial glucoseD. It causes gastrointestinal disturbances.E. It may cause development of hypertension.arrow_forwardAnswer the following questions about the given triacylglycerol. What fatty acids are used to form this triacylglycerol? a. lauric acid, stearic acid, lauric acid b. palmitic acid, myristic acid, stearic acid c. myristic acid, lauric acid, stearic acid d. arachidic acid, stearic acid, lauric acid Answer the following questions about the given triacylglycerol. Would you expect this triacylglycerol to be a solid at room temperature? yes or noarrow_forwardName the following enzymes:a. enzyme responsible for the cutting of the sugar on the nonreducing ends of glycogen branches b. enzyme that is only present in the liver and kidney during glycogen utilization c. enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a two-carbon fragment from a ketose donor to an aldose acceptor in PPParrow_forward
- Match the enzyme to the reaction catalysed. Not all the enzymes have to be selected, and an enzyme may be used more than once. v Synthesizes phosphatidic acid A. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase v Synthesizes triacylglycerol B. Glycerol kinase v Synthesizes acetoacetyl-CoA C. Acyl-CoA cholesterol acyl transferase v Synthesizes mevalonate D. Lipin v Synthesize 1,2 diacylglycerol E. Acyl transferase v Converts glycerol into glycerol-3-phosphate F. HMG-CoA reductase v Converts dihydroxyacetone phosphate into glycerol-3-phosphate G. Thiolase v Synthesize cholesterol-esterarrow_forwardCompare and contrast the following items related to lipid metabolism. Cite their main similarities/or differences. 1. Steroid hormones vs. prostaglandins (in terms of their biosynthetic pathways). 2. Fatty acid synthase complex vs. pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.arrow_forwardIn this transamination reaction (right), which of the following are the products X and Y? Oxaloacetate Glutamate A Alanine, a-ketoglutarate B Aspartate, a-ketoglutarate C Glutamate, alanine D Pyruvate, aspartatearrow_forward
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