Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 21, Problem 10TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The tissue plasminogen activator is a protein that is involved in the breakdown of blood clots. It catalyzes the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin.
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Suppose that you are studying the role of Protein B, which you believe plays a role in regulating PCD/Apoptosis in mice. You create two lines of mutant mice. One (bb) is homozygous for a loss-of-function allele of gene B. The other (Bb) is heterozygous, with one wild-type allele and one loss-of function allele. Initially you pay particular attention to two phenotypes of the resulting mice:(i) The morphology of their paws (see picture)(ii) The size of their brains & shape of their skulls. The bb mice have unusually large brains and unusual protrusions from their skulls.
Suggest one other aspect of mouse morphology or physiology that you might expect to be altered in the absence of Protein B. Briefly explain your reasoning.
Also, based on the apparent effect of Protein B on the likelihood of PCD/Apoptosis, would you classify Protein B as the product of a proto-oncogene or of a tumor suppressor gene?
Suppose that you are studying the role of Protein B, which you believe plays a role in regulating PCD/Apoptosis in mice. You create two lines of mutant mice. One (bb) is homozygous for a loss-of-function allele of gene B. The other (Bb) is heterozygous, with one wild-type allele and one loss-of function allele. Initially you pay particular attention to two phenotypes of the resulting mice:(i) The morphology of their paws (see picture) (ii) The size of their brains & shape of their skulls. The bb mice have unusually large brains and unusual protrusions from their skulls. Based on these data, does it appear that Protein B, when present and active, favors or inhibits PCD/Apoptosis?Briefly explain your reasoning. The answer should address both the paw and brain/skull data.
Different mutations in the WDR62 gene that inactivate gene function were found in the genomes of many different people with microcephaly. This information provided strong support for the idea that the WDR62 gene mutation causes microcephaly.
A.The human genome sequence identified WDR62 as one of the approximately 27, 000 genes in the human genome. What information about the function of WDR62 do you think was learned originally from the DNA sequence of the normal human genome?
Chapter 21 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 21 - In what ways would third-generation sequencing be...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2IQCh. 21 - Refer to the organisms listed in Table 21.1 in...Ch. 21 - Explain why retrotransposons always move by the...Ch. 21 - For each of the following types of DNA sequences...Ch. 21 - Prob. 6IQCh. 21 - Prob. 7IQCh. 21 - If all Hox genes contain the same or very similar...Ch. 21 - About 25% of the human genome relates to the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2SYK
Ch. 21 - Which of the following has decreased the time and...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 21 - In the process called gene annotation, computer...Ch. 21 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 21 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 21 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 21 - What is a pseudogene? a. a gene that has been...Ch. 21 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 21 - Which of the following is common to both...Ch. 21 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 21 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 21 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 21 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 21 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 21 - Compared to genes in mice and chimpanzees, most...
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- The protein Menchie is conserved from cats to humans. The region upstream of the menchie gene has three conserved sequences: region A, B, and C. Mutations were made in this upstream region by removing these regions or changing the orientation of these regions. Additionally, the coding sequence for Menchie was replaced with the coding sequence for green fluorescent protein (GFP; gene = gfp). GFP fluorescence was measured for each of the indicated constructs and the results are summarized. The arrow indicates the direction of transcription and where transcription starts (the +1 site). c. Which region (A, B, or C) contains an enhancer sequence? Briefly explain your answer, using at least two lines of evidence from the results shown; please use the #s to indicate the line of evidence you are describing. d. Which region (A, B, or C) contains a silencer sequence? Briefly explain your answer, using at least two lines of evidence from the results shown; please use the #s to indicate the line…arrow_forwardProteins A,B,C, and D in the diagram are encoded by different genes and interact with each other. Imagine that a mutation in the gene for protein A changes one of the charged amino acid in the red circle area from positive to negative charge (blue arrow). this mutation results in a mutant phenotype. Assume a mutation in the gene for protein B occurs and the double mutants have a phenotype that is almost wild type. How would you best describe the mutation in gene B? Protein C Proten A Protein B Protein B Wild type Mutation in the gene for protein Aarrow_forwardSynpolydactyly is an abnormality characterized by webbing between partially or completely duplicated fingers or toes (Figure 18.15). The same mutations that cause the human phenotype give rise to a similar phenotype in mice. In what family of genes do you think these mutations occur?arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements does NOT describe an environmental influence on the expression of a gene? Select one: a. Siamese cats have darkened paws, nose, and tip of tail due to a gene that allows their skin and fur to darken in the parts of their bodies that need to retain more heat, their extremities. b. More than a single gene is involved in the expression of human height, weight, and skin colour. c. Exposure to sunlight increases melanin production in human skin. d. Colder incubation temperatures of gecko eggs yield more females and warmer temperatures yield more males.arrow_forwardMany aspects of gene function can be nicely explained with the one-gene-one-enzyme hypothesis, which states that a gene controls the production of an enzyme. Which of the following findings about gene expression, though, requires an expansion of this simple concept? Choose an answer below: Non-enzyme proteins are made from genes too. Some genes code for RNA molecules only. Enzymes composed of different polypeptides are coded for by more than one gene. a and c, but not b a, b, and carrow_forwardArctic foxes typically have a white coat in the winter. In summer, when there is no snow on the ground, the foxes typically have a darker coat. Which of the following is most likely responsible for the seasonal change in coat color? (A) The decrease in the amount of daylight in winter causes a change in gene expression, which results in the foxes growing a lighter- appearing coat. (B) The diet of the foxes in summer lacks a particular nutrient, which causes the foxes to lose their white coat and grow a darker- colored coat. (C) Competition for mates in the spring causes each fox to increase its camouflage with the environment by producing a darker- appearing coat. (D) The lower temperatures in winter denature the pigment molecules in the arctic fox coat, causing the coat to become lighter in color.arrow_forward
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