a.
To determine: The effect of emulsification on digestion.
Introduction: The process of digestion is a complex process. The
b.
To determine: The effect of neural activity on digestion.
Introduction: Neurons are the types of cells that deliver the signals from one part of the body to the other part. The parts of the neurons are dendrites, axons, and a cell body.
c.
To determine: The effect of low pH on digestion.
Introduction: The pH of a system refers to the measurement of acidity and alkalinity of that system. Enzymes play an important role in digestion, and their working is affected by changing the temperature and pH in the system.
d.
To determine: The effect of size of food particles on digestion
Introduction: Digestion is a catabolic pathway in which complex food particles breaks down into simpler form. The digestive system comprises of the liver, intestine, pancreas along with the gall bladder.
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Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
- which of the following is true of bile? a. needed in the small intestine for the digestion of fats b. needed in the small intestine for the emulsification of fats c. synthesized by the gall bladder d. it converts inactive pancreatic enzymes to an active formarrow_forwardWhich of the following is true regarding digestion? A. The first segment of the alimentary tract is the duodenum. B. Amylase hydrolyzes starches into simple sugars. C. Bile hydrolyzes amylase into simple sugars. D. Trypsin and chymotrypsin degrade lipids into free fatty acids. E. All of the above answer choices correctly answer the question.arrow_forwardAll of the following statements regarding the liver are true except one, which one? a. it can convert amino acids to glucose during periods of fasting b. it contains special phagocytic cells which remove worn-out blood cells from the circulation c. blood from the hepatic artery and portal vein travels away from the central vein of each lobule d. it converts ammonia to ureaarrow_forward
- There are two different kinds of secretions associated with the digestive system that needs to be understood to avoid confusion when describing how the digestive system functions. Which one of these secretions will be involved in the control of digestion through the blood? A.Endocrine B.Exocrinearrow_forwardA. What is/are the primary role(s) of the large intestine? a. to complete enzymatic digestion and store indigestible material b. to initiate enzymatic digestion of carbohydrates and to store water c. to absorb water from digested material, with essentially no digestive role of its own d. to secrete water into the material that is left over after all available nutrients have been absorbed e. to digest fats A. In the intestine most nutrients are absorbed regardless of whether the body has an immediate need or shortfall of them; ie there is little control over amounts taken up – which of the following does not follow this rule? a. absorption of sodium b. absorption of water c.absorption of iron d. absorption of fat soluble vitamins e. none of the above follow this rule – close control is exerted over all of themarrow_forwardWhich of the following nutrients are digested within the small intestine? a. proteins b. lipids c. carbohydrates d. all of these choicesarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements regarding protein digestion is incorrect? A. The intestinal enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin continue the chemical breakdown of polypeptides into oligopeptides. B. Chemical digestion of proteins is initiated in the stomach through the action of the enzyme pepsin. C. Mechanical digestion of proteins starts in the mouth through chewing. D. Di- and tripeptides enter the intestinal cells where they are broken down by peptidases into individual amino acids.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is/are (a) product(s) of the digestion of starch after the release of the pancreatic enzymes into the small intestine? A. lactose B. maltotriose C. α-dextrin D. limit dextrinarrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a function of the liver? a. activation of vitamin D b. storage of fat-soluble molecules c. removal and recycling of lactic acid d. recycling of red blood cellsarrow_forward
- Which of the following best describe the function of goblet cells in the digestive tract? A. produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful enzymes needed for food digestion B. secrete buffers in order to keep the pH of the digestive tract close to neutral C. provide protection against invading bacteria and other disease-causing organisms that enter the digestive tract in food D. absorb nutrients from digested food and store them for future usearrow_forwardThe normal mechanism of defecation involves:A. Stretch receptors located in the duodenum and jejunum initiate a long-lasting reflex that relaxes the internal anal sphincter several hours after food initially passes from the stomach to the intestines.B. Stretch receptors located in the rectal wall initiate the defecation reflex inresponse to an incoming mass movement.C. The defecation reflex involves contraction of the rectal wall and simultaneous relaxation of the internal anal sphincter.D. Digestive fluids secreted from the pancreas and gall bladder contain enzymesthat act on the smooth muscle of the intestine, stimulating peristalsis.E. Conscious signals from the cortex will allow for relaxation of the external anal sphincter (when appropriate!).arrow_forwardWhich of the following are used for mechanical digestion? A. Pancreatic juice B. Saliva C. Bile D. Hydrochloric acid (HCI) E. All of the abovearrow_forward
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