Biology: Science for Life with Physiology (6th Edition) (Belk, Border & Maier, The Biology: Science for Life Series, 5th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134555430
Author: Colleen Belk, Virginia Borden Maier
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 21, Problem 10LTB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The second line of defense can be defined as the nonspecific resistance that eliminates the pathogenic invaders in a usual way. If the pathogens pass the first line of defense such as through a cut in the skin, the infection progresses. In that case, the second line of defense plays its role to protect the body.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following is not involved in first line defense?
a-Mucus membranes
b-Saliva
c-Sweat
d-Antibodies
e-Cilia
Which of the following is NOT one of the major functions of T lymphocytes (T cells)?
activating the immune system
binding to antigens presented by MHC proteins
production of antibodies
forming memory cells to more rapidly respond to future infections by the same pathogen
attacking our own cells that are infected with a virus or cancerous
Which of the following is a mechanism by which antibodies help rid the body of invading microbes?
Agglutination whereby the bacteria are clumped together.
Identifying viruses for elimination by NK cells
Non-antibody dependent activation of complement
Autoimmune disease
Chapter 21 Solutions
Biology: Science for Life with Physiology (6th Edition) (Belk, Border & Maier, The Biology: Science for Life Series, 5th Edition)
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- Which of the following is NOT part of the body's third line of defense? Antibodies Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes Neutrophils B-lymphocytesarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT an example of non- specific (innate) resistance mechanisms interacting directly with specific acquired immunity mechanisms? Complement being activated by antigen- antibody binding Macrophages and dendritic cells presenting antigens to lymphocytes Antibodies binding to bacterial surface antigens, coating (opsonizing) the bacteria and enhancing their phagocytosis by leukocytes None of the other four answers (All are examples of interaction between innate and acquired resistance) Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicityarrow_forwardWhich of the following types of immunity is responsible for preventing pathogens from entering the cell? antibody-mediated (Humoral) immunity OOOO sarcoplasmic immunity pathogenic immunity cell-mediated immunityarrow_forward
- What distinguishes the innate defense system from the adaptive defense system.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is mismatched? Epitope - Specific area on an antigen that interacts with antibody Acquired (or Adaptive) Immunity - innate, nonspecific resistance to infection; present at birth Antigen - Substance that provokes a specific immune response Susceptibility - Lack of resistance to a disease Antibody - Protein made in response to an antigen which can specifically bind to that antigenarrow_forwardWhy is innate immunity referred to as nonspecific? because it is a form of defense found in all animal species because it provides defense against a wide range of pathogens because it is a form of defense that functions in all human body systems because it provides a built-in mechanism of defense that does not require "training"arrow_forward
- Which line(s) of defense is(are) called innate? O First O Third Secondarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true of acquired immunity? It does not involve experience and its forms include phagocytosis and inflammation. Acquired immune responses take longer to initiate than natural immune responses. An effective immune response occurs even before prior exposure to a particular antigen. It consists of a number of inborn processes that help remove foreign substances from the body.arrow_forwardEpithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines cavities. This is the ___ line of defense. mechanical antibody-antigen physical chemicalarrow_forward
- Why is innate immunity referred to as nonspecific? Group of answer choices because it provides defense against a wide range of pathogens because it is a form of defense that functions in all human body systems because it is a form of defense found in all animal species because it provides a built-in mechanism of defense that does not require "training"arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a FALSE statement about innate immunity? Natural killer cells are participants in the process It must be primed by the presence of a specific antigen It includes inflammatory responses It may involve the formation of complement protein cascades It includes physical and chemical barriersarrow_forwardThe body’s immune response comprises innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Virulence is the capacity of a pathogen to cause disease BOTH statements are FALSE BOTH statements are TRUE FIRST statement is FALSE; SECOND statement is TRUE FIRST statement is TRUE; SECOND statement is FALSEarrow_forward
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