Biology: Science for Life with Physiology (6th Edition) (Belk, Border & Maier, The Biology: Science for Life Series, 5th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134555430
Author: Colleen Belk, Virginia Borden Maier
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 21, Problem 9LTB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The immune system can be defined as the organs and body processes that resist the infection and toxins. A virus can be defined as a biological agent which reproduces inside the living cells of the hosts. When there is an infection by a virus, the host cell produces thousands of similar copies of the original virus at an unexpected rate.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Why would viral genome integration into host cell integration be advantageous to a virus?
It enables the virus to kill the cell.
It allows the virus to infect cells it would not normally infect.
It allows the virus to be passed on to future generations of host cells.
It allows the virus to destroy the host cell's DNA.
It speeds up viral replication.
To be considered a virus, a virus MUST…
_____be able to insert (recombine) its genes into the main chromosome (s) of the host
_____only replicate inside of a host cytoplasm
_____be a part of the Universal Tree of Life
_____contain enzymes
_____respire or ferment
Coronaviridae is a virus “family.” There are actually many different coronaviruses within this group, including less pathogenic virus strains that cause the common cold. Many people in this course have likely been infected with one of these other coronaviruses.
A common feature of coronaviruses and other RNA viruses (think influenza virus, HIV, etc.) is that they mutate frequently. This is because the viral enzymes that copy the genome during replication can’t fix mistakes.
Given this information, how might we be able to distinguish the SARS-CoV-2 strain from some of the other, less concerning, coronavirus strains?
Chapter 21 Solutions
Biology: Science for Life with Physiology (6th Edition) (Belk, Border & Maier, The Biology: Science for Life Series, 5th Edition)
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- A patient is admitted to the hospital with a viral infection and is immediately treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. How will the course of the infection be affected by this treatment? The infection's length will remain the same because viruses do not have DNA or RNA, and so antibiotics do not affect them. The infection's length will be shorter because antibiotics can prevent viral entry into the cell by binding to host-receptor proteins. The infection's length will remain the same because antibiotics have no effect on eukaryotic cells or viruses. The infection's length will be shorter because antibiotics activate the immune system, and this decreases the severity of the infection.arrow_forwardHow common is ABV in the USA? In the United States, over half of adults have been infected with ABV by age 40. Once ABV is in a person's body, it stays there for life and can reactivate. Match terms with descriptions based on the text above. You can use an answer more than once or not at all. "Over half of adults have been infected with ABV by age 40." ABV could belong to this group of viruses: A. Human Papilloma Viruses B. Incidence of ABV C. Herpesviruses D. Prevalence of ABV by age 40arrow_forwardFor a virus to transform a cell, which of the following events must occur: Group of answer choices Cytopathic effects must take place Virion production must be robust All answers are correct The cell must continue to divide The entire viral genome must always be integrated into host DNAarrow_forward
- Why can a virus multiply? Write in a 200-words (not in bulleted form please and thanks!)arrow_forwardThe Ebola virus is an enveloped, helical ssRNA virus that replicates quickly. Given this information, which one of the following is a reason why Ebola infection is difficult to fight (both by our bodies and by treatments)? Question 6 options: Because it has many genes and thus replication is slow. Because it doesn't have a membrane. Because viral RNA polymerases make a lot of mistakes. Because it can integrate into the host cell DNA.arrow_forwardwhat characteristics of a virus protects it from immune system recognition? -incorporates itself into the infected tissue -Secretes antigens that repel mcrophages away from infected cell -produces toxins cytokines that detroys macrophages and neutrophils -Inactivates antigen recptors virus cell membranearrow_forward
- Which of the following happens to the viral nucleic acid during a lysogenic cycle cycle? a-the viral DNA immediately takes over the host cell genetic material b-it bursts the host cell c-the viral DNA forms a provirus d-the viral DNA is used to attach the bacteriophage to the host cell`s receptorsarrow_forwardThe Ebola virus is an enveloped, helical ssRNA virus that replicates quickly. Given this information, which one of the following is a reason why Ebola infection is difficult to fight (both by our bodies and by treatments)? Question 6 options: Because it has many genes and thus replication is slow. Because it doesn't have a membrane. Because viral RNA polymerases make a lot of mistakes. Because it can integrate into the host cell DNA. Previous PageNext Pagearrow_forwardFigure 17.6 Influenza virus is packaged in a viral envelope, which fuses with the plasma membrane. This way, the virus can exit the host cell without killing it. What advantage does the virus gain by keeping the host cell alive?arrow_forward
- Arrange the following list into the correct sequence for part of the cycle of a retrovirus: 1. dsDNA integrated into host DNA 2.viral proteins synthesized on host ribosomes 3. viral DNA uses host enzymes to transcribe viral RNA 4. reverse transcriptase catalyzes synthesis of ssDNA 5. synthesis of second DNA strand (a) 5, 2, 1, 3, 4 (b) 5, 2, 3, 4, 1 (c) 4, 5, 1, 3, 2 (d) 4, 1, 2, 3, 5 (e) 2, 1, 3, 4, 5arrow_forwardFigure 21.10 Which of the following statements is false? In the lytic cycle, new phages are produced and released into the environment. In the lysogenic cycle, phage DNA is incorporated into the host genome. An environmental stressor can cause the phage to initiate the lysogenic cycle. Cell lysis only occurs in the lytic cycle.arrow_forwardThe Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense Against Infection Researchers have been having a difficult time developing a vaccine against a certain pathogenic virus as a result of the lack of a weakened strain. They turn to you because of your wide knowledge of recombinant DNA technology and the immune system. How could you vaccinate someone against the virus, using a cloned gene from the virus that encodes a cell-surface protein?arrow_forward
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What Is A Virus ? ; Author: Peekaboo Kidz;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YS7vsBgWszI;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY