Anatomy and Physiology
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260256000
Author: SALADIN
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 20.2, Problem 10BYGO
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
In order to keep the blood flowing in the artery, the heart must pulsate pressure. This is referred to as blood pressure (BP). The high blood pressure can lead to hypertension, and low blood pressure can lead to hypotension. This can be measured by using a sphygmomanometer. The resistance and pressure affecting the movement of blood or blood flow is called as peripheral resistance.
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A) Perform an analysis of the stenosed artery diameter D and lengtn c using the Bernoulli equation to determine an expression for the pressure drop across the segment of artery for a blood flow rate
(Q). Create a well labelled diagram indicating the area of analysis and variable names and state all
relevant assumptions made in your analysis. You snould assume that the stenosis creates a rapid
narrowing of the artery, and that friction is not negligible.
B) Explain how your analysis would change following insertion of the stent.
What four variables determine the net filtration pressure across the capillary wall? Give representative values for each of them at the arteriolar and venous ends of a systemic capillary.
Characterize the following into:
A. Factors that increase blood pressureB. Factors that decrease pressure
1. Decreased arterial diameter 2. Increased total vessel length 3. Increased vessel elasticity 4. Decreased plasma epinephrine 5. Decreased blood volume 6. Decreased plasma angiotensin 7. Increased stroke volume 8. Increased plasma ADH 9. Decreased blood viscosity 10. Increased parasympathetic stimulation
Chapter 20 Solutions
Anatomy and Physiology
Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 1BYGOCh. 20.1 - Prob. 2BYGOCh. 20.1 - Prob. 3BYGOCh. 20.1 - Prob. 4BYGOCh. 20.1 - Prob. 5BYGOCh. 20.1 - Prob. 6BYGOCh. 20.1 - Definitions of arteries, veins, and capillaries...Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 20.1 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 20.1 - Prob. 4AYLO
Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 20.1 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 20.1 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 20.1 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 20.1 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 20.1 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 20.1 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 20.1 - Prob. 12AYLOCh. 20.1 - Prob. 13AYLOCh. 20.1 - Prob. 14AYLOCh. 20.1 - Prob. 15AYLOCh. 20.2 - Prob. 7BYGOCh. 20.2 - Prob. 8BYGOCh. 20.2 - Prob. 9BYGOCh. 20.2 - Prob. 10BYGOCh. 20.2 - Prob. 11BYGOCh. 20.2 - Prob. 12BYGOCh. 20.2 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 20.2 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 20.2 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 20.2 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 20.2 - Why arterial expansion and recoil during the...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 20.2 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 20.2 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 20.2 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 20.2 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 20.2 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 20.2 - Why blood velocity declines from aorta to...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 13AYLOCh. 20.2 - Prob. 14AYLOCh. 20.2 - Prob. 15AYLOCh. 20.2 - Prob. 16AYLOCh. 20.2 - Prob. 17AYLOCh. 20.2 - Prob. 18AYLOCh. 20.2 - Prob. 19AYLOCh. 20.3 - Prob. 13BYGOCh. 20.3 - Prob. 14BYGOCh. 20.3 - Prob. 15BYGOCh. 20.3 - State the three fundamental causes of edema and...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 20.3 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 20.3 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 20.3 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 20.3 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 20.3 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 20.3 - Relative amounts of fluid given off and reabsorbed...Ch. 20.3 - The role of solvent drag in capillary exchangeCh. 20.3 - Why the dynamics of capillary absorption can...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 20.3 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 20.4 - Prob. 17BYGOCh. 20.4 - Prob. 18BYGOCh. 20.4 - Prob. 19BYGOCh. 20.4 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 20.4 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 20.4 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 20.4 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 20.4 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 20.4 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 20.4 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 20.4 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 20.5 - Prob. 20BYGOCh. 20.5 - Prob. 21BYGOCh. 20.5 - Prob. 22BYGOCh. 20.5 - Prob. 23BYGOCh. 20.5 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 20.5 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 20.5 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 20.5 - Variability of skeletal muscle perfusion; what...Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 20.6 - Prob. 24BYGOCh. 20.6 - Prob. 25BYGOCh. 20.6 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 20.6 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 20.6 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 20.7 - Prob. 26BYGOCh. 20.7 - Prob. 27BYGOCh. 20.7 - Prob. 28BYGOCh. 20.7 - Prob. 29BYGOCh. 20.7 - For all named blood vessels in this outline, their...Ch. 20.7 - The ascending aorta, aortic arch, and descending...Ch. 20.7 - Branches that arise from the ascending aorta and...Ch. 20.7 - Four principal arteries of the neck: the common...Ch. 20.7 - The external and internal carotid arteries;...Ch. 20.7 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 20.7 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 20.7 - Dural venous sinuses; the superior sagittal,...Ch. 20.7 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 20.7 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 20.7 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 20.7 - Prob. 12AYLOCh. 20.7 - Prob. 13AYLOCh. 20.7 - Branches of the abdominal aorta: inferior phrenic...Ch. 20.7 - Prob. 15AYLOCh. 20.7 - Prob. 16AYLOCh. 20.7 - Prob. 17AYLOCh. 20.7 - Prob. 18AYLOCh. 20.7 - Prob. 19AYLOCh. 20.7 - Prob. 20AYLOCh. 20.7 - Prob. 21AYLOCh. 20.7 - Prob. 22AYLOCh. 20.8 - Prob. 30BYGOCh. 20.8 - Prob. 31BYGOCh. 20.8 - Prob. 32BYGOCh. 20.8 - Prob. 33BYGOCh. 20.8 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 20.8 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 20.8 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 20.8 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 20.8 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 20.8 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 20.8 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 20.8 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 20.8 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 20 - Blood often flows into a capillary bed from a. the...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2TYRCh. 20 - A blood vessel adapted to withstand a high pulse...Ch. 20 - Prob. 4TYRCh. 20 - Prob. 5TYRCh. 20 - Prob. 6TYRCh. 20 - Blood flows fester in a venule than in a capillary...Ch. 20 - In a case where interstitial hydrostatic pressure...Ch. 20 - Intestinal blood flows to the liver by way of a....Ch. 20 - Prob. 10TYRCh. 20 - The highest arterial blood pressure attained...Ch. 20 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 20 - Prob. 13TYRCh. 20 - Prob. 14TYRCh. 20 - Prob. 15TYRCh. 20 - Prob. 16TYRCh. 20 - Prob. 17TYRCh. 20 - Prob. 18TYRCh. 20 - Prob. 19TYRCh. 20 - Prob. 20TYRCh. 20 - Prob. 1BYMVCh. 20 - Prob. 2BYMVCh. 20 - Prob. 3BYMVCh. 20 - Prob. 4BYMVCh. 20 - Prob. 5BYMVCh. 20 - -orumCh. 20 - Prob. 7BYMVCh. 20 - Prob. 8BYMVCh. 20 - Prob. 9BYMVCh. 20 - Prob. 10BYMVCh. 20 - Prob. 1WWTSCh. 20 - Blood always passes through exactly one capillary...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3WWTSCh. 20 - Prob. 4WWTSCh. 20 - Prob. 5WWTSCh. 20 - The femoral triangle is bordered by the inguinal...Ch. 20 - Prob. 7WWTSCh. 20 - Prob. 8WWTSCh. 20 - Prob. 9WWTSCh. 20 - Prob. 10WWTSCh. 20 - Prob. 1TYCCh. 20 - Prob. 2TYCCh. 20 - Prob. 3TYCCh. 20 - Prob. 4TYCCh. 20 - Discuss why it is advantageous to have...
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- 4) A) Calculate the Systolic Pressure of a 65 years old man if the diastolic blood pressure is 90 mmHg and stroke volume of 70 ml/beat. Total Peripheral Resistance is 19mmHg.min/L. Assume person is healthy and has a normal heart rate. B) Calculate Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) when the mean ejection fraction is 80 % ?arrow_forwardWhat are the two major control systems that providehomeostasis of blood pressure? Give a definition of each.arrow_forwardList three factors that determine resistance in a vessel. Which of these factors is physiologically most important?arrow_forward
- Describe what Bulk flow across a capillar bed. A. In your description, define what Net filtration pressure is, hydrostatic pressure, and colloid osmotic pressure. B. What should occur at the arterial end of the capillary bed and what should occur at the venous end of the capillary bed? ( in other words, tell me if fluid should be moving out capillary or should be moving into capillary)arrow_forwardWhat is Peripheral shunting? Give some examples?arrow_forwardBlood Flow (BF)= (diff. in) Pressure (P) /Resistance (R) Assign these numbers to the equation above: If 6/3=2, when you increase 3, what happens to 6 in order to get 2 to stay the same?arrow_forward
- Explain how the cross-sectional area of vessels (in cm2, range from 0 to 5000) affects the mean linear velocity of blood (in cm/s, range from 0 to 50) and blood pressure (in mm Hg, range from 0 to 100). Hint, draw a general model of vascular structure from the aorta to the vena cava, and plot how the variables mentioned above change as blood moves along the vessel system.arrow_forwardDiscuss the effects of gravity on blood flow?arrow_forwardHydrostatic pressure inside the capillary = 34 mmHgColloid osmotic pressure of the blood plasma = 27 mmHgHydrostatic pressure in the interstitial fluid = 2 mmHgColloid osmotic pressure in the interstitial fluid = 4 mmHgWhat is the total pressure favoring filtration?What is the total pressure favoring absorption?What is the net effect of these forces on fluid movement across the wall of the capillary?arrow_forward
- What exactly is blood pressure? How does it differ amongst vessel types (where is it highest/lowest)? What role does the pressure gradient play in encouraging flow? In which type of vessel is blood pressure most relevant from a medical standpoint? Why?arrow_forwardWhat is the role played by nitric oxide in preventing atherosclerosis? Describe all tissue and endothelialfactors for local control of blood flow.arrow_forward(a) If a person's blood pressure is 119 mmHg over 65 mmHg, what is their mean arterial pressure, MAP? MAP = mmHg (b) What is a mean arterial pressure of 100 mmHg in Pa? P= Paarrow_forward
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