Biological Science, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134296029
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20, Problem 8TYU
Summary Introduction
To review:
The SNP (single
Introduction:
The SNPs are the biological markers used to identify the particular genes. Generally, they are not found in the genes or coding regions. They are usually found in the regions between the genes. A friend working in a research laboratory has discovered a tight association between an SNP allele and the disease she is studying. She inferred that this means the SNP allele must be the mutation that causes the disease.
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Certain DNA sequences are especially prone to “strand slippage.” In your own words, give an account of how this phenomenon can lead to a specific genetic disease.
The table below shows different types of mutations in different positions in four genes. Choose the letter (A to E), from the
drop-down menu, that represents the most likely type of protein that will be produced from each of these mutated genes.
A: completely normal protein
B: functional protein with ONE amino acid different from normal
C: non-functional protein with ONE amino acid different from normal
D: non-functional protein with MANY amino acids different from normal
E: no protein at all
Answer
Type of mutation
Position of mutation in gene
(A, B, C, D, or E)
before the part of the gene that specifies
the active site of the enzyme
2 base pair insertion
Inonsense
immediately before the stop codon
in the part of the gene that specifies the
active site of the enzyme
silent
1 base pair insertion
in an intron
#2.) Mary wants to further confirm if she is a carrier for this lethal gene. She was told that a new SNP marker was identified RFPL marker. She requested to do SNP test for all the DNA samples. The results are: her parents are heterozygous for SNPs (that is to say, one chromosome is wild-type and another one contains the SNP). The sister who passed away is homozygous for the SNP. Mary does not have this SNP. So now what is the probability of Mary as a carrier of the death gene?
Chapter 20 Solutions
Biological Science, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (6th Edition)
Ch. 20 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 20 - What is a plasmid? a. an organelle found in many...Ch. 20 - 3. Once the gene that causes Huntington disease...Ch. 20 - CAUTION The human genome size is 3 billion base...Ch. 20 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 20 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 20 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 20 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 20 - 9. Revolutionaries executed Nicholas II, the last...Ch. 20 - Prob. 10TYPSS
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- What’s the difference between a point mutation and a SNP?arrow_forwardKarenca was studying her genetics notes the night before the test. She was getting a little turned around with the differences between DNA and RNA. She started working a problem that gave a segment of original DNA as follows: ТА Then, the problem said that original DNA was mutated to become: TAG Use the codon table to help Karenca determine whether or not this mutation will cause a change in the phenotype (what the organism looks like) of the organism. * Even though the DNA sequence changed, the sequence still codes for the same amino acid, so no change in phenotype will occur. Yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because a new amino acid will be coded for. Yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because any change in the DNA sequence will cause a change in phenotype. It is impossible to determine if a change in phenotype will occur using only the DNA sequence.arrow_forwardThe genetic alteration responsible for sickle-cell anemia in humans involves: a transition mutation from A to G, substituting glutamic acid for valine in a-globin a transversion mutation from T to A, substituting valine for glutamic acid in b-globin a transition mutation from T to C, substituting valine for glutamic acid in b-globin a transversion mutation from G to C, substituting glutamic acid for valine in a-globin a frameshift mutation of one ATC codon, removing glutamic acid from b-globinarrow_forward
- Why is a random mutation more likely to be deleterious than beneficial?arrow_forwardA neutral mutation is, by definition, a mutation that does not result in the change of the encoded amino acid sequence of a gene. 1)True 2)Falsearrow_forwardIs a random mutation more likely to be beneficial or harmful?Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- List some potential biological effects of SNPs.arrow_forwarddescribe Deletion-insertion polymorphisms (DIPs)arrow_forwardImagine a 9-armed, hairy monster, who lives in Monster Land. It has a genome that is very similar to a mammal genome (diploid, same type of sex determination, etc). There are three different colours of this monster: Purple, Yellow, and Purple and Yellow mixed. Here is a table of 20 individuals and 10 SNPs, where the name of the SNP is the chromosome and the position (chromosome.position). Using this table, do a GWAS with only these 10 SNPs. How many markers of the genome are significantly associated with the trait? Phenotype chr1.1 chr2.8 chr3.12 chr4.12 chr4.55 chr7.88 chr9.55 chr10.1 chrX.1 chrX.5 Purple AA AT F GG CC CC 8 TT TT TT CT Purple AA AT TT GC CC CC AT TT TT CT Yellow AA AT TT GC CC CC AT AT GG CT Purple and AA TT TT GC TT CC AT AT GT CT Yellow Purple AA AT AA GG Purple AA AT 순 E TT GC AT TT TT CT AA GG TT GC AT TT TT CT Purple AA AT AA CC TT GG AT TT TT TT Purple AA AT AA GG CC GG AT TT TT TT Purple and AA TT AT CC CC GG AT AT GT TT Yellow Purple AA AT AT CC CC GC AT TT TT…arrow_forward
- What is a mutagen? Describe a point mutation, structuralmutation, and nondisjunctionarrow_forwardYou have the following DNA coding sequence of a wild-type allele: 5’-ATG TTC CAG CTA GAT GAT ATG CTG GTA ATT GGG GAA CGC GCG CGG TAA-3’ For each of the following mutations: A. State whether the mutation is missense, nonsense, frameshift, or silent. B. Write the codon change that occurs for the missense, nonsense, and silent mutations (ex. GAA -- GAT). C. For frameshift mutations, write out the entire mutant sequence with each codon clearly indicated (if the frameshift creates a new stop codon, end the sequence at the new stop). Using the wild type DNA sequence above as a guide : Write the amino acid sequence of the mutants. Mutant 1: transition at nucleotide 23 Mutant 2: T --> G transversion at nucleotide 29 Mutant 3: an insertion of “A” after nucleotide 14 Mutant 4: transition at nucleotide 7 Mutant 5: An insertion of GG after nucleotide 40 Mutant 6: transition at nucleotide 15 Mutant 7: a deletion of nucleotide 25arrow_forwardName three different types of loss of function mutations and in each case explain how the mutation exerts a loss of function effect on a genearrow_forward
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