Universe: Stars And Galaxies
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781319115098
Author: Roger Freedman, Robert Geller, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 20, Problem 57Q
To determine
The reason forneutrinos to be emitted by core −collapse supernova.
The way the neutrinos can be detected. The way these neutrinos are different from solar neutrinos.
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Why does a type Ia supernova explode? in two sentences.
A supernova’s energy is often compared to the total energy output of the Sun over its lifetime. Using the Sun’s current luminosity, calculate the total solar energy output, assuming a 1010 year main-sequence lifetime. Using Einstein’s formula E=mc2 calculate the equivalent amount of mass, expressed in Earth masses. [Hint: The total energy output of the Sun over its lifetime is given by its current luminosity times the number of seconds in a year times its ten billion-year lifetime; ; mass of earth = 6×1024kg; c = 3×108m/s. Your answer should be 200-300 Earth masses.]
A supernova's energy is often compared to the total energy output of the Sun over its lifetime.
Using the Sun's current luminosity, calculate the total solar energy output, assuming a 1010
year main-sequence lifetime.
Using Einstein's formula E = mc? calculate the equivalent amount of mass, expressed in
Earth masses. [Hint: The total energy output of the Sun over its lifetime is given by its current
luminosity times the number of seconds in a year times its ten billion-year lifetime; Week 5
slide 4; mass of earth = 6x1024kg; c = 3x10®m/s. Your answer should be 200-300 Earth
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Chapter 20 Solutions
Universe: Stars And Galaxies
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- How is a nova different from a type Ia supernova? How does it differ from a type II supernova?arrow_forwardA supernova can eject material at a velocity of 10,000 km/s. How long would it take a supernova remnant to expand to a radius of 1 AU? How long would it take to expand to a radius of 1 light-years? Assume that the expansion velocity remains constant and use the relationship: expansiontime=distanceexpansionvelocity .arrow_forward(a)What type of supernova is most luminous in light? (b) What kind of star results in such an explosion? (c) What type of supernova is most luminous in neutrino emission? (d) What kind of star results in such an explosion?arrow_forward
- 24 If the Temperature of the core of a supernova is 3200 x 1023 K, what should be the average translational kinetic energy of the particles moving inside this supernov (Boltzmann's constant = 1.38 x 10-23 J/K) Type your answer...arrow_forwardExplain what makes the planetary nebula glow and what makes the supernova remnant glow. Which of these two kinds of gas clouds continues to glow for a longer time and why?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about various stages of core nuclear burning (hydrogen, helium, carbon, etc.) in a high- mass star is not true? A. As each stage ends, the core shrinks and heats further. B. Each successive stage creates an element with a higher atomic number and atomic mass number. C. As each stage ends, the reactions that occurred in previous stages continue in shells around the core. D.Each successive stage lasts for approximately the same amount of time.arrow_forward
- A supernova occurs 140,000 light years from Earth, where a neutron star of mass 1.6 solar masses and a radius of 12 km is formed bya collapsing massive star in 8 seconds. Calculate the number of neutrinos that pass through your body as a result of the supernova. Hint: Assume every neutron is formed from electron capture by a proton.arrow_forwardDuring the collapse of a supernova explosion, calculate the change in gravitational potential energy associated with the core size. Assume a typical core mass of 1.4 Msun and an initial radius of 1000 km.arrow_forwardWhy are Cepheid variables important? O Cepheids variables are pulsating stars whose pulsation periods are directly related to their true luminosities. Therefore they can be used as distance indicators. O Cepheids variables are supermassive stars that are on the verge of becoming supernovae. Therefore they allow us to choose candidates to watch if we hope to observe a supernova. O Cepheid variables are stars that vary in brightness because they harbor a black hole. Therefore, they provide direct evidence for black holes. O Cepheids variables are a type of irregular galaxy, much more common in the early universe. Therefore they help to understand how galaxies formed.arrow_forward
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