Chapter 20, Problem 20.99CQ

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

What class of enzymes each of the given reactions?

Concept Introduction:

Enzymes are biological catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions. An enzyme's activity decreases markedly outside its optimal temperature and pH. Their activity is slow above or below the optimum pH. Enzymes have active sites where the substrates bind. These active sites are deformed by changing the pH. Hence, the substrates no longer fit in the active site and the reaction does not occur.

Every enzyme shows highest activity at a specific temperature which is called the optimum temperature. The rate of reaction above or below this temperature is slower. Increasing the temperature causes the frequency of collisions to increase as the molecules move faster when the heat is supplied. For a 10 ⁰C rise in the temperature, the activity of enzyme doubles until the optimum temperature is reached. Increasing further temperature damages the active sites and changes their shapes. Substrates can no longer fit into the active sites. At temperatures higher than 60 ⁰C enzymes are basically completely denatured.

Enzymes can be classified on the basis of the type of reaction they catalyze as follows:

(1) Oxidoreductases

(2) Transferases

(3) Hydrolases

(4) Lyases

(5) Isomerases

(6) Ligases

To Determine: The type of enzyme that will catalyze the given set of reactions.