Concept explainers
Interpretation:
Barbituric acid can be prepared from malonic ester and urea as shown. A complete, detailed mechanism for this reaction is to be provided.
Concept introduction:
In the basic solution, no strong acid should appear in the mechanism, hence, the proton transfer step occurs before the nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction. The nucleophilic addition-elimination mechanism has two steps. Step 1 is nucleophilic addition, in which a nucleophile attacks the electron poor carbonyl carbon. This forces the pair of electrons from the initial
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 20 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
- An ester can be produced by the reaction between an acyl chloride andalcohol. By making use of an appropriate mechanism, show how ethylbenzoate is produced by the reaction between ethanol andbenzoyl chloride. Clearly indicate the steps in the mechanism.arrow_forwardProvide a synthesisarrow_forwardIf a lactam (cyclic amide) contains an alkyl group with an amino group, treatment with lithium diisopropyl amide (LDA) results in a ring-expanded lactam, as shown here. Provide a detailed mechanism for this reaction.arrow_forward
- Give the reaction mechanism for ETHYNE and bromine solution. Draw and explain the steps of the reaction mechanism.arrow_forwardThe bromination of benzene requires a Lewis acid catalyst such as FeBr3, butthe bromination of naphthalene does not. Explain why.arrow_forwardThe Gabriel synthesis of primary amines discussed in Chapter 20 involves hydrolysis under basic conditions to release the amine. As shown in the reactions below, the amine can also be released by (a) hydrolysis under acidic conditions and (b) treatment with hydrazine. Draw the complete, detailed mechanisms for these reactions.arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning