Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 20, Problem 1TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The comparison of eukaryotic microbes with inorganic shells or plates with respect to their composition and mode of growth.
Introduction:
Eukaryotic microbes with inorganic shells and plates are present across many species. They are mostly found in marine environments. The presence of these organisms is essential for maintaining balance in the ecosystem due to the physical nature of these shells. They can serve as indicators of the evolutionary history of marine ecosystems and climate change.
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Select the choice that identifies the organism described in the following statement: The organism is heterotrophic, has cells with cell walls, and is a eukaryote.
Question 24 options:
a)
Archaea
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The protist called an amoeba
d)
Plantae
If you visit a lake in the middle of the Amazon and take water samples to analyze under a microscope from a nearby university that has good instrumentation and there you detect microorganisms that are not visible to the naked eye. What studies would you do to determine if they are bacteria, archaea, fungi or protozoa? Explain each type of analysis and how would you rule out members of each group?
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Your friend Jim Crackcorn has developed a new antibiotic that damages the integrity of the cell wall by breaking down peptidoglycan. Jim tells you that he predicts that gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria and archaeal cells will be equally sensitive to this antibiotic. Do you agree with Jim’s prediction? If you agree, explain in your own words why you agree. If you disagree, explain in your own words what you would predict and why.
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Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
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- Which types of eukaryotic microbes have cell walls? How do their walls differ from those of bacterial and archaeal cells?arrow_forwardList three ways to distinguish Cyanobacteria from phytoplankton (algae). How can you differentiate phytoplankton to zooplankton?arrow_forwardProkaryotes are classified by their shape and their cell arrangement. Identify the bacteria in the picture below. * Bacillus O Coccus Spirochete O Vibrio The absence of which organelle separates bacteria from being classified as eukaryotes?arrow_forward
- Explain how various types of algae differ from one another and from other members of the eukaryotic microbial world.arrow_forwardState why the followings are important a)plants 2)fungi 3)animals 4)viruses 5)protistsarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT true about endospores? O 1) Spores are resistant to heat, radiation, cold, and dessication. O 2) One endospore germinates into one vegetative cell. O 3) They are a method of reproduction for bacterial cells when growth conditions are inhospitable. O 4) Endospores are clinically significant in causing disease. O 5) The endospore has a thick spore coat that protects it.arrow_forward
- Statement which is true about bacteria ? A) All bacteria are autotrophs B) Most of them are heterotrophs but some are autotrophs C) All bacteria heterophs D) All bacteria are photosyntheticarrow_forwardWhat are the different strategies for prokaryotic growth (energy and carbon supply)? Give examples of the bacteriasarrow_forwardIn the diagram below, identify the structures of a cyanobacterial cell based on the following descriptions: a) Outer cellular covering which includes: Mucilaginous layer – outermost layer covering the cell wall; protects the cell from harmful factors of the environment Cell wall – found just below the mucilaginous layer; 2 or 3-layered, the inner layer lies in between the outer wall layer and plasma membrane; the outer layer is made of peptidoglycan Innermost plasma membrane – selectively permeable membrane enclosing the cytoplasm b) Cytoplasm – found below the plasma membrane; the protoplasm which contains structures of different shapes and functions. Lamellae, which contain pigments such as chlorophylls, carotenes, xanthophylls, phycoerythrin and phycocyanin, are located in the peripheral region of cytoplasm. Ribosomes may also be found scattered in the cytoplasm. c) Nucleic material – the nucleoplasm that is centrally located in the cell and contains chromatin in the form…arrow_forward
- Describe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain what the three domains have in common and how they differ. Define viruses, and explain how they relate to living cells. Explain how microbial diseases have changed human history. Explain the tenets of Cell Theory Describe how microscopy led to the Germ Theory of infectious disease Define the germ theory of disease. Explain how Koch's postulates can show that a specific kind of microbe causes a disease. Explain the problems in interpreting Koch's postulates in practice.arrow_forwardWhat are the two types of cells that help cyanobacteria live on "thin air" and water? What are the roles of these cells? What type of cell helps them survive in harsh conditions?arrow_forwardIn the domain system of classification, prokaryotes are divided into two domains: Bacteria and Archaea. The two domains differ in all BUT one feature. Which feature do they have in common? Question options: They both have identical cell walls. They both have prokaryotic cells. They both thrive in extreme environments. They both are able to live only under anaerobic conditions.arrow_forward
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