Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The moment of inertia I of HCl needs to be calculated in
Concept Introduction:
The moment of inertia, I for HCl can be calculated using the following formula:
Here, h is Planck’s constant and B is Rotational constant.
(b)
Interpretation: The energies (in J) of the rotational levels J =1, 2 and 3 from J =0 state needs to be calculated for HCl.
Concept Introduction: For a molecule, the energy of J-state can be calculated using the following formula:
Here, B is rotational constant, h is Planck’s constant and J is rotational levels.
(c)
Interpretation: The bond length for H-Cl needs to be calculated in angstroms.
Concept Introduction: For a molecule, the moment of inertia, Iis related to bond length as follows:
Here,
(d)
Interpretation: The initial and final J states need to be calculated for the observed absorption lines.
Concept Introduction: The frequency for the transition from J to J+1 level is represented as
Here, B is rotational constant.
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 20 Solutions
Principles of Modern Chemistry
- 3 Calculate the frequencies and wavelengths for the rotational transition J = 0 → J = 1 and J = 4 → J = 5 for the HCl molecule. The internuclear distance is Re = 0.12745 nm. What is the frequency shift between the two isotopomers H35Cl and H37Cl for the two transitions?arrow_forwardA molecule in a liquid undergoes about 1.0 × 1013 collisions in each second. Suppose that (i) every collision is effective in deactivating the molecule vibrationally and (ii) that one collision in 100 is effective. Calculate the width (in cm−1) of vibrational transitions in the molecule.arrow_forwardWhen ultraviolet radiation of wavelength 400 nm passes through 2.50 mm of a solution of an absorbing substance at a concentration 0.717 mmol dm−3, the transmission is 61.5 per cent. Calculate the molar absorption coefficient of the solute at this wavelength. Express your answer in square centimetres per mole (cm2 mol−1).arrow_forward
- The vibrational wavenumber of the oxygen molecule in its electronic ground state is 1580 cm−1, whereas that in the excited state (B 3Σu−), to which there is an allowed electronic transition, is 700 cm−1. Given that the separation in energy between the minima in their respective potential energy curves of these two electronic states is 6.175 eV, what is the wavenumber of the lowest energy transition in the band of transitions originating from the v = 0 vibrational state of the electronic ground state to this excited state? Ignore any rotational structure or anharmonicity.arrow_forwardThe molar absorption coefficient of a substance dissolved in hexane is known to be 723 dm3 mol−1 cm−1 at 260 nm. Calculate the percentage reduction in intensity when ultraviolet radiation of that wavelength passes through 2.50 mm of a solution of concentration 4.25 mmol dm−3.arrow_forward(a) Express the moment of inertia of an octahedral AB6 molecule in terms of its bond lengths and the masses of the B atoms. (b) Calculate the rotational constant of 32S19F6 , for which the S—F bond length is 158 pm.arrow_forward
- Calculate the energy of the J=0 to J=1 rotational transition of the O₂ molecule with a bond length of 121 pm.arrow_forwardThe molar absorption coefficient of a solute at 540 nm is 386 dm3 mol−1 cm−1. When light of that wavelength passes through a 5.00 mm cell containing a solution of the solute, 38.5 per cent of the light was absorbed. What is the molar concentration of the solute?arrow_forwardCalculate the frequency and wavenumber of the J = 3 ← 2 transition in the pure rotational spectrum of 14N16O. The equilibrium bond length is 115 pm. Would the frequency increase or decrease if centrifugal distortion is considered?arrow_forward
- Calculate the frequency of the J = 3 2 transition in the pure rotational spectrum of 12C16O. The equilibrium bond length is 112.81 pm.arrow_forwardhydrogen molecule absorbs ultraviolet radiation in a transition from its 1Σg+ ground electronic state to an excited state that is energetically close to a dissociative 1Σu+ state. The absorption band has a relatively large experimental linewidth. Account for this observation.arrow_forwardCalculate the energies of the first four rotational levels of 1H127I free to rotate in three dimensions; use for its moment of inertia I = μR2, with μ = mHmI/(mH + mI) and R = 160 pm. Use integer relative atomic masses for this estimate.arrow_forward
- Principles of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysical ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781133958437Author:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, TomasPublisher:Wadsworth Cengage Learning,