Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134156415
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 20, Problem 11MC
Complement fixation promotes all of the following except (a) cell lysis, (b) inflammation, (c) opsonization, (d) interferon release, (e)
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Chapter 20 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
Ch. 20.1 - What distinguishes the innate defense system from...Ch. 20.1 - What is the first line of defense against disease?Ch. 20.2 - What is opsonization and how does it help...Ch. 20.2 - Under what circumstances might NK cells kill our...Ch. 20.2 - What are the cardinal signs of inflammation and...Ch. 20.3 - Name three key characteristics of adaptive...Ch. 20.3 - What is the difference between a complete antigen...Ch. 20.3 - What marks a cell as self as opposed to nonselfCh. 20.4 - What event (or observation) signals that a B or T...Ch. 20.4 - Which of the following T cells would survive...
Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 11CYUCh. 20.4 - In clonal selection, who does the selecting? What...Ch. 20.5 - Why is the secondary response to an antigen so...Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 14CYUCh. 20.5 - Which class of antibody is most abundant in blood?...Ch. 20.5 - List four ways in which antibodies can bring about...Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 17CYUCh. 20.6 - Class II MHC proteins display what kind of...Ch. 20.6 - Which type of T cell is the most important in both...Ch. 20.6 - Describe the killing mechanism of cytotoxic T...Ch. 20.7 - Prob. 21CYUCh. 20.7 - Prob. 22CYUCh. 20 - All of the following are considered innate body...Ch. 20 - The process by which neutrophils squeeze through...Ch. 20 - Antibodies released by plasma cells are involved...Ch. 20 - Which of the following antibodies can fix...Ch. 20 - Which antibody class is abundant in body...Ch. 20 - Small molecules that must combine with large...Ch. 20 - Lymphocytes that develop immunocompetence in the...Ch. 20 - Cells that can directly attack target cells...Ch. 20 - Prob. 9MCCh. 20 - The cell type most often invaded by HIV is a(n)...Ch. 20 - Complement fixation promotes all of the following...Ch. 20 - Using the letters from column B, match the cell...Ch. 20 - Besides acting as mechanical barriers, the skin...Ch. 20 - Explain why attempts at phagocytosis are not...Ch. 20 - What is complement? How does it cause bacterial...Ch. 20 - Interferons are referred to as antiviral proteins....Ch. 20 - Differentiate between humoral and cellular...Ch. 20 - Although the adaptive immune system has two arms,...Ch. 20 - Define immunocompetence and self-tolerance. How is...Ch. 20 - Differentiate between a primary and a secondary...Ch. 20 - Prob. 21SAQCh. 20 - What is the role of the variable regions of an...Ch. 20 - Name the five antibody classes and describe where...Ch. 20 - How do antibodies help defend the body?Ch. 20 - Do vaccines produce active or passive humoral...Ch. 20 - Prob. 26SAQCh. 20 - Describe the specific roles of helper, regulatory,...Ch. 20 - Prob. 28SAQCh. 20 - Prob. 29SAQCh. 20 - What events can result in autoimmune disease?Ch. 20 - Prob. 1CCSCh. 20 - Prob. 2CCSCh. 20 - Prob. 3CCSCh. 20 - Prob. 4CCSCh. 20 - Remember Mr. Ayers, the bus driver from Chapter...
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- If a series of genetic mutations prevented some, but not all, of the complement proteins from binding antibodies or pathogens, would the entire complement system be compromised?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between an allergy and an autoimmune response?arrow_forward13. Which of the following statements about interferons is correct? a) The local release of interferons stimulates viral replication. b) Interferons provide humoral immunity. c) Virally infected cells release interferon as a warning to neighboring cells d) d. Interferons are produced by viruses. e) The release of interferons during inflammation stimulates fever. 14. Which of the following is NOT a normal function of the stomach? a) Absorption of alcohol. b) Emptying of chyme into the small intestine. c) Temporary storage of food. d) Mixing of food with stomach secretions. e) All the above are stomach functions 15. Acid chyme is buffered by_ a) mucus b) bicarbonate Ammonia secreted from the pancreas. c) d) urea e) gastrin 16. What property of bile salts allows them to emulsify lipids? a) the presence of cholesterol b) they can bind to hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances c) they repel water d) they allow bacteria to survive in the large intestine. e) they are activated by acid from…arrow_forward
- Which of the following lists contains cells that are typically considered to be associated with the innate immune response? Question 14 options: A) neutrophils, macrophages, T cells B) neutrophils, macrophages, NK cells C) B cells, T cells, and NK cells D) basophils, T cells, mast cellsarrow_forwardThe classical complement pathway involves activation of the complement proteins in which of the following manners? 1) C3b binds to the microbial surface, with factors B, D, and P 2) C1 binds to antibodies bound to the microbe's surface 3) Fungal mannose sugars trigger complement proteins in the blood 4) C3b binds to antibodies bound to the microbial surfacearrow_forwardWhich of the following is a characteristic of humoral immunity? Question 9 options: A) The cells originate in the thymus. B) The cells are most effective against intracellular pathogens. C) Humoral immune cells inhibit the immune response. D) Humoral cells make antibodies.arrow_forward
- A 24 year old previously healthy woman is evaluated for skin rash, joint pains, and renal failure. Sheis found to have decreased C3 and C4 levels and a normal factor B level. Which of the following most likely triggered the complement systemactivation in this patient? (A) Antigens binding to igA (B) Autoactivation of C3 component (C) C1 components binding to C1 inhibitor (D) C9- Lipid membrane complex formation (E)IgG antigen complex formationarrow_forward.A table comparing the biological characteristics of the five classes of immunoglobulins is shown below. Answer yes or no in the spaces provided, (You can draw the table in your answer paper) IgE IgD Biological activity a) Activates classical complement pathway b) Present on the membrane of the mature B cells c) Present in secretions d) Induces mast-cell degranulation e) Crosses placenta IgG IgA IgMarrow_forwardSelect the best answer or answers from the choices given: Complement fixation promotes all of the following except (a) cell lysis, (b) inflammation, (c) opsonization, (d) interferon release, (e) chemotaxis of neutrophils and other cells.arrow_forward
- 1. The laboratory scientist who reviews the marrow reports that the bone marrow is overridden with plasma cells—so much so that clusters of plasma cells can be seen. What is the function of plasma cells? Explain with no more than 3-6 sentences. A). To present foreign antigens to immune cells B). To directly attack foreign cells when foreign antigens are recognized. C). To phagocytize cells with foreign antigens. D). To produce immunoglobulins specific to foreign antigens presented by T helper cells. 2. Immunoglobulins are made mainly of what substance? Explain. A). Carbohydrate B). Lipid C). Proteinarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT true of Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs)? A) Each ILC type responds to a different category of pathogens. b.)) ILCs are derived from the common lymphoid precursor. c. )) ILCs rearrange their antigen receptors in a similar way to T-cells. d. ))Each ILC type is distinguished by the cytokines that it produces. e. ))Development of each ILC type is driven by unique transcription factors.arrow_forwardIn a normal individual, a T cell that interacts with a self-antigen in the thymus will more than likely undergo what process (which answer is best)? A) apoptosis B) release granules C) activation D) extravasation E) anergyarrow_forward
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