Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134156415
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20, Problem 13SAQ
Besides acting as mechanical barriers, the skin epidermis and mucosae of the body have other attributes that contribute to their protective roles. Cite the common body locations and the importance of mucus, lysozyme, keratin, acid pH, and cilia.
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Explain the following
Sweat glands in the armpits secrete perspiration with a pH close to neutral (7.0). How does this fact help explain body odor in this area as compared to other parts of the skin?
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) preferentially destroys CD4+ cells. Specifically, what effect does this have on antibody and cell-mediated immunity?
How does a phagocyte “know” it is in contact with a pathogen instead of another body cell?
What feature of the skin creates a physical barrier to microbial invasion?
Group of answer choices
The outer layers are composed of cells full of protein which forms NETs to trap microbes until they are shed.
The surface is constantly patrolled by phagocytic cells.
The outer layers are dead cells, tightly linked together, and are frequently shed.
All of these mechanisms can provide defense against microbial invaders.
The oil secreted onto the surface of the skin traps microbes, preventing penetration.
The fine hairs move microbes to mucous membranes for phagocytosis.
Identify the major mechanical and chemical defenses that protect internal tissues from microbial attack.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
Ch. 20.1 - What distinguishes the innate defense system from...Ch. 20.1 - What is the first line of defense against disease?Ch. 20.2 - What is opsonization and how does it help...Ch. 20.2 - Under what circumstances might NK cells kill our...Ch. 20.2 - What are the cardinal signs of inflammation and...Ch. 20.3 - Name three key characteristics of adaptive...Ch. 20.3 - What is the difference between a complete antigen...Ch. 20.3 - What marks a cell as self as opposed to nonselfCh. 20.4 - What event (or observation) signals that a B or T...Ch. 20.4 - Which of the following T cells would survive...
Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 11CYUCh. 20.4 - In clonal selection, who does the selecting? What...Ch. 20.5 - Why is the secondary response to an antigen so...Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 14CYUCh. 20.5 - Which class of antibody is most abundant in blood?...Ch. 20.5 - List four ways in which antibodies can bring about...Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 17CYUCh. 20.6 - Class II MHC proteins display what kind of...Ch. 20.6 - Which type of T cell is the most important in both...Ch. 20.6 - Describe the killing mechanism of cytotoxic T...Ch. 20.7 - Prob. 21CYUCh. 20.7 - Prob. 22CYUCh. 20 - All of the following are considered innate body...Ch. 20 - The process by which neutrophils squeeze through...Ch. 20 - Antibodies released by plasma cells are involved...Ch. 20 - Which of the following antibodies can fix...Ch. 20 - Which antibody class is abundant in body...Ch. 20 - Small molecules that must combine with large...Ch. 20 - Lymphocytes that develop immunocompetence in the...Ch. 20 - Cells that can directly attack target cells...Ch. 20 - Prob. 9MCCh. 20 - The cell type most often invaded by HIV is a(n)...Ch. 20 - Complement fixation promotes all of the following...Ch. 20 - Using the letters from column B, match the cell...Ch. 20 - Besides acting as mechanical barriers, the skin...Ch. 20 - Explain why attempts at phagocytosis are not...Ch. 20 - What is complement? How does it cause bacterial...Ch. 20 - Interferons are referred to as antiviral proteins....Ch. 20 - Differentiate between humoral and cellular...Ch. 20 - Although the adaptive immune system has two arms,...Ch. 20 - Define immunocompetence and self-tolerance. How is...Ch. 20 - Differentiate between a primary and a secondary...Ch. 20 - Prob. 21SAQCh. 20 - What is the role of the variable regions of an...Ch. 20 - Name the five antibody classes and describe where...Ch. 20 - How do antibodies help defend the body?Ch. 20 - Do vaccines produce active or passive humoral...Ch. 20 - Prob. 26SAQCh. 20 - Describe the specific roles of helper, regulatory,...Ch. 20 - Prob. 28SAQCh. 20 - Prob. 29SAQCh. 20 - What events can result in autoimmune disease?Ch. 20 - Prob. 1CCSCh. 20 - Prob. 2CCSCh. 20 - Prob. 3CCSCh. 20 - Prob. 4CCSCh. 20 - Remember Mr. Ayers, the bus driver from Chapter...
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- A 56 y/o woman has a history of extensive exposure to ultraviolet radiation from both the sun and artificial tanning sources( tanning lights&beds) since childhood. The excessive wrinkling observed is caused primarily by which one of the the following effects of UV rays on the skin? A)damaged elastic fibers B)dilated follicles with plugged orifices C)increased size and activity of melanocytes D)thickening of the the stratum Cornell E)vascular sclerosis of dermal blood vesselsarrow_forwardExplain the path of a monocyte from the blood to the tissue during inflammation. (Use the terms margination, diapedesis and chemotaxis.)arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is NOT true? O O None of the other four answers (All statements are true) When connective tissue (e.g., in the dermis) is damaged, repair leads to scar tissue formation During inflammation, all of the phagocytic leukocytes remain inside capillaries to prevent pathogens from entering the bloodstream The typical signs and symptoms of inflammation are redness, pain, heat, and swelling An abscess is an infection and collection of pus in a walled-off areaarrow_forward
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