To analyze:
The sequence of reactions to be driven to the left or the right of the given equation, if an underwater volcano bubbled additional CO2 into the ocean and its effect on the pH of the ocean.
Introduction:
According to the Le Chatelier's principle, the equilibrium law is mainly used for predicting the effect of a change in the conditions on a
Consider the reaction between carbon dioxide and water to form carbonic acid:
CO2(g) + H2O(l)⇌CH2O3(aq)
In the ocean, carbonic acid immediately dissociates to form a proton and bicarbonate ion, as follows:
CH2O3(aq)⇌H+(aq) + CHO3−(aq)
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 2 Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
- Carbonic anhydrase is an extremely efficient enzyme in red blood cells that performs the essential function of trapping C02 coming out of tissues and hydrating it with H,0. The product of this reaction is which dissociates into a proton and a (Hint: the reaction is H20 + CO2 +„H+ bicarbonate; carbonic acid carbonic acid; carbonate carbonate; carbonic acid carbonate; bicarbonate carbonic acid; bicarbonatearrow_forwardUse the law of mass action and the following equation: H2O + CO2 <-> H2CO3 <-> H+ + HCO3- to describe what happens to pH, HCO3-, and CO2 when there is an increase in H+ from a metabolic source.arrow_forwardConsider the following endothermic reaction at equilibrium: H2(g) + Zn2+(aq) ⇌ Zn(s) + 2 H+(aq) Which of the following disturbances will result in the reaction going forward to re-establish equilibrium? (Select all that apply.) None of these Correct Answer Increase temperature at constant pressure. Correct! Add liquid water. Decrease in partial pressure of H2(g). Decrease container volume at constant temperature. Adding the strong acid, HNO3. (Consider any change in solution volume is negligible.) Removing some solid zinc. Adding the soluble salt, magnesium nitrate, Zn(NO3)2. Adding the soluble salt, sodium sulfide, Na2S.arrow_forward
- For the equation H20 (g) --> H20 (1) answer the following questions: Q1) Is it endothermic or exothermic? Q2) How does energy flow? Q3) What happens to the molecules? Format BIUarrow_forwardIn addition to O, binding, changes in other chemical conditions can result in hemoglobin changes. pH is one of those factors. It can be understood by reaction #1. Red blood cells have the enzyme Carbonic Anhydrase which catalyzes reaction #2. Using the two reactions explain how pH contributes to the transfer of O2 from the lungs to the tissues. H-Hb* + O2 Hb-O2 + H* Reaction #1 CO2(aq) + H2O= H* + HCO3 Reaction #2arrow_forwardThe distribution of Na* ions across a typical biological membrane is 10 mmol/dm3 inside the cell, and 140 mmol/dm³ outside the cell. At equilibrium, the concentrations across the membrane are equal. What is the Gibbs energy difference across the membrane at 37°C? The stated difference in concentration MUST be maintained by coupling to reactions that have at least your calculated difference of Gibbs energy. Ans: 6.8 kJ/molarrow_forward
- In the reaction ATP + glucose → ADP + glucose-6-phosphate, ΔG° is -16.7 kJ/mol. Assume that both ATP and ADP have a concentration of 1 M and T = 25°C. What ratio of glucose-6- phosphate to glucose would allow the reverse reaction to occur?arrow_forwardCarbon dioxide is dissolved in blood (pH 7.4) to form a mixture of carbonic acid and bicarbonate. Neglecting free CO2, what fraction will be present as carbonic acid? Would you expect a significant amount of carbonate (CO32-)?arrow_forwardWhich of the following correctly explains why the vapor pressure of water has to be included in the calculations? Some of the liquid water evaporates into the gas, and increases the total pressure generated by the trapped gas. As the H2(g) is bubbled up the reaction solution, some of the H2(g) molecules are solubilized by water in the aqueous solution, effectively decreasing the measured pressure above. The pressure contributed by the H2(g) is greater than the measured total pressure because of the contribution of partial pressure of water vapor. The pressure exerted by the evolved H2(g) is reduced because of the co-presence of water vapor, thus Pwater vapor has to be added to Pdry gas. Overview of the experiment:arrow_forward
- Consider the following equilibrium at 298 K. R = 8.314 J/K-mol Citrate Isocitrate Using the equilibrium concentrations of [Citrate] = 2.15 M and [Isocitrate] = 0.00825 M, calculate K'g, then AG°. Which one of the following is the correct value for AG in units of kJ/mol? 5990 kJ/mol -2480 kJ/mol 2.48 kJ/mol 13.8 kJ/mol 5.99 kJ/mol -2.48 kJ/mol -5990 kJ/mol -9.99 kJ/mol -13800 kJ/mol 13800 kJ/mol -5.99 kJ/mol 9.99 kJ/mol 2480 kJ/mol 9990 kJ/mol -13.8 kJ/mol -9990 kJ/mol O O O O O O O O O O0000 O Oarrow_forwardA patient presents to the emergency department in a critical condition. The patient’s blood was tested and the concentration of carbonic acid (H2CO3) was found to be 4.0×10-4 M and bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) 3.062×10-3 M. Ka = 4.3 × 10-7 H2CO3(aq) ⇌ HCO3-(aq) + H+(aq) Show all calculations including equation(s) used. Calculate the pH of the patients’ blood. Based on your answer would you say the patient is suffering from Acidosis or Alkalosis?arrow_forwardIn an experiment, identical heat lamps are arranged to shine on two identical containers, one containing water and the other containing, methanol, a nonpolar compound. Each liq- uid absorbed the same amount of energy minute by minute, and the change in tempera- ture over time was recorded for each molecule. The results from the experiment are illus trated in the graph below. A B 40 с temperature (°C) D 25 The heat-related temperature of water and methanol increases over time. methanol Which of the following best explains the results illustrated in the above figure? time (minutes) water 20 Water temperature increases more quickly because part of the supplied heat energy is used to transition the water molecules from a liquid physical state to a gaseous physical state, which does not occur in methanol Water temperature increases more quickly because part of the supplied heat energy is used to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules, which do not occur be tween methanol…arrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education