21st Century Astronomy
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780393428063
Author: Kay
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 2, Problem 29QP
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Explain how the Earth’s temperatures changes when the Earth’s axis is tilted to
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Chapter 2 Solutions
21st Century Astronomy
Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 2.1ACYUCh. 2.1 - Prob. 2.1BCYUCh. 2.2 - Prob. 2.2CYUCh. 2.3 - Prob. 2.3CYUCh. 2.4 - Prob. 2.4CYUCh. 2.5 - Prob. 2.5CYUCh. 2 - Prob. 1QPCh. 2 - Prob. 2QPCh. 2 - Prob. 3QPCh. 2 - Prob. 4QP
Ch. 2 - Prob. 5QPCh. 2 - Prob. 6QPCh. 2 - Prob. 7QPCh. 2 - Prob. 8QPCh. 2 - Prob. 9QPCh. 2 - Prob. 10QPCh. 2 - Prob. 11QPCh. 2 - Prob. 12QPCh. 2 - Prob. 13QPCh. 2 - Prob. 14QPCh. 2 - Prob. 15QPCh. 2 - Prob. 16QPCh. 2 - Prob. 17QPCh. 2 - Prob. 18QPCh. 2 - Prob. 19QPCh. 2 - Prob. 20QPCh. 2 - Prob. 21QPCh. 2 - Prob. 22QPCh. 2 - Prob. 23QPCh. 2 - Prob. 24QPCh. 2 - Prob. 25QPCh. 2 - Prob. 26QPCh. 2 - Prob. 27QPCh. 2 - Prob. 28QPCh. 2 - Prob. 29QPCh. 2 - Prob. 30QPCh. 2 - Prob. 31QPCh. 2 - Prob. 33QPCh. 2 - Prob. 34QPCh. 2 - Prob. 35QPCh. 2 - Prob. 36QPCh. 2 - Prob. 37QPCh. 2 - Prob. 38QPCh. 2 - Prob. 39QPCh. 2 - Prob. 40QPCh. 2 - Prob. 41QPCh. 2 - Prob. 42QPCh. 2 - Prob. 43QPCh. 2 - Prob. 44QPCh. 2 - Prob. 45QP
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- In the graph from the class handout the inflow of energy from the sun is given as a constant 236 watts per meter squared. To get this figure we used L(1 – a) × 236 W/m², where L = 1350 W/m²is the solar constant, and a = 0.3 is the Earth's albedo (meaning that 30% of the Sun's energy is reflected back into space). The 1/4 comes from averaging the arriving solar energy over the whole Earth (the surface area of the Earth is 4 times the area of the "disk of energy" hitting the Earth.) Using these ideas estimate the inflow of energy to a planet if the solar constant is 647 watts per meter squared and the planet's albedo is 0.5. Round your answer to the near 10 watts per square meter.arrow_forwardDescribe an example of the combination of phase change and convection?arrow_forwardThe temperature at a point 50 km north of a station is 3°C cooler than at the station. If the wind is blowing from the northeast at 20 m s-¹ and the air is being heated by radiation at the rate of 1°C h-¹, what is the local rate of temperature change at the station? [~Holton 2.2]arrow_forward
- What is the atmospheric temperature IN KELVIN of a planet 4 AU from the sun, with an albedo of 0.5, and an optical depth of 1? Round your answer to the nearest degree.arrow_forwardWhich of the following could explain a gradual warming trend in a planet's climate? A decreasing albedo A major volcanic eruption that puts lots of dust and ash in the atmosphere, increasing the cloud cover A decrease in the concentration of greenhouse gases A decrease in the brightness of the Sunarrow_forwardIf the earth did not have an atmosphere, would its average surface temperature be higher or lower than what it is now?arrow_forward
- A rotation rate, or frequency, of 500 nHz corresponds to a rotation period of 23 days—it takes 23 days for material to follow one complete circle around the Sun. Furthermore, the frequency and period are inversely proportional to one another: if one is doubled, the other is halved. Given these facts, what is the approximate rotation period (in days) for equatorial material at the Sun's surface? (Use your answer to the previous question as the rotation rate.)arrow_forwardEarth's daylight surface disk absorbs about 1036 W per m2 from the Sun. Using 6400 km for the Earth's radius, how much of this radiative power is emitted by each square meter of the spherical Earth? Hint: Compare the ratio of the disk area to the spherical surface area.arrow_forwardEarths daylight surface disk absorbs about 1045 W per m2 from the Sun. Using 6400 km for the Earths radius, how much of this radiative power is emitted by each square meter of the spherical Earth ?arrow_forward
- What is the difference between mass of a cubic meter of gas at sea level and mass of a cubic meter of gas in Denver. Assume a isothermal atmosphere with T=295.arrow_forwardMercury, the closest planet to the sun (distance sun - Mercury = 57.0×106 km),has virtually no atmosphere. Its average temperature, as seen from space, is 170 °C.Determine the albedo, a, of Mercury. Earth's solar constant is 1372 W m-2 and the distancebetween sun and Earth is 150×106 km.arrow_forwardIf the climate sensitivity is 0.9 oC/(W/m2) and a CO2 doubling causes a radiative forcing of 4 W/m2, what is the expected temperature change in oC? Give your answer with 1 digit after the decimal point.arrow_forward
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