Principles Of Microeconomics
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781260111088
Author: Robert H. Frank, Ben Bernanke, Kate Antonovics, Ori Heffetz
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 2, Problem 2.4CC
To determine
The effect of differences in
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Suppose that Cassie can produce 10 pounds of tuna per hour or 20 pounds of apple per hour, and Samantha can produce 20 pounds of tuna per hour or 10 pounds of apples per hour. Cassie and Samantha both want 80 pounds of tuna and 80 pounds of apple per day.
a. How many hours must Cassie and Samantha work per day if they don't help each
other?
b. Suppose they decide to work together. Now how many hours each day do they have to work?What is the economic explanation for the reduction in hours?
During the summer you have made the decision to attend summer school, which prevents you from working at your usual summer job in which you normally earn $6,000 for the summer. Your tuition cost is $3,000 and books and supplies cost $1,300. In terms of dollars, what is the opportunity cost of attending summer school? Show your calculation.
What is comparative advantage? Give an example. Why does it make sense for economies to specialize according to comparative advantage and trade?
What is the production possibilities frontier? What economic concepts are represented in the production possibilities model?
The principle of comparative advantage does not provide answers to certain questions. One of those questions is
Do specialization and trade benefit more than one party to a trade?
Is it absolute advantage or comparative advantage that really matters?
How are the gains from trade shared among the parties to a trade?
Is it possible for specialization and trade to increase total output of traded goods?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Principles Of Microeconomics
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- Suppose two economies Home (H) and Foreign (F) produce two goods, bread and wine, with only one production factor: labour. Production technology, expressed as marginal product of labour (MPL), is given in the following table: Technologies expressed as MPL Bread Wine Home 1/6 1/12 Foreign 1/4 1/2 Suppose that Home has 2400 units of labour and Foreign has 1800 units of labour. a Derive the Production Possibilities Frontier (PPF) and the Consumption Possibility Frontier (CPF) for Home and Foreign, with bread on the horizontal axis and wine on the vertical axis. What is the autarky equilibrium price of bred relative to wine in each country? b. What country has the absolute advantage in producing each good? What country has the comparative advantage in producing each good? Briefly explain the difference between these two concepts. Suppose both countries are now free to trade. The world relative price of bread is 1. c.) What is the pattern of specialisation and trade? Briefly…arrow_forwardConsider Babs and Donna, who can each produce cake, beer, or some combination of the two using only 40 hours of labor each. Babs can produce a maximum of 50 cakes if she produces no beer, and 100 units of beer if she produces no cake. Donna can produce a maximum of 100 cakes with no beer produced; if she makes no cake, she can produce 120 units of beer. Calculate donnas opportunity cost for a cakearrow_forwardQuestion: How much more coffee does Todd gain from specialization and trade? To answer this question, use must use the information below: Production and Consumption Both Todd and John will have 12 hours to produce. Todd will use 8 hours to produce 80 pounds of chocolate and 4 hours to produce 80 pounds of coffee. John will use 4 hours to produce 80 pounds of chocolate, and 8 hours to produce 80 pounds of coffee. Specialization and Trade Todd's production without Trade Using 4 hours as a the time element - Todd can produce 40 pounds of chocolate and 80 pounds of coffee. opportunity cost for chocolate is 80/40 = 2 opportunity cost for coffee is 40/80 = 1/2 John's production without Trade Using 4 hours as the time element - John can produce 80 pounds of chocolate and 40 pounds of coffee. opportunity cost for chocolate 40/80 = 1/2 opportunity cost for coffee is 80/20 = 2 Without Trade Totals - John and Todd produce 120 pounds of chocolate, and 120 pounds of coffee. Who Should Produce and…arrow_forward
- I am eight hour day Andy can produce either 24 loaves of bread or 8 kilograms of butter. In an eight hour day Rolfe can produce either 8 loaves of bread or 8 kilograms of butter. a)what is Andy's opportunity cost of producing one loaf of bread? What is rolfes opportunity cost of producing one loaf of bread b) who has the comparative advantage in bread production? Who has comparative advantage in butter production? c)would they both gain from specialization and trade in other each other? Show it through a numerical examplearrow_forwardQuestion: How much more coffee does Todd gain from specialization and trade? To answer this question, use must use the information below: Production and Consumption Both Todd and John will have 12 hours to produce. Todd will use 8 hours to produce 80 pounds of chocolate and 4 hours to produce 80 pounds of coffee. John will use 4 hours to produce 80 pounds of chocolate, and 8 hours to produce 80 pounds of coffee. Specialization and Trade Todd's production without Trade Using 4 hours as a the time element - Todd can produce 40 pounds of chocolate and 80 pounds of coffee. opportunity cost for chocolate is 80/40 = 2 opportunity cost for coffee is 40/80 = 1/2 John's production without Trade Using 4 hours as the time element - John can produce 80 pounds of chocolate and 40 pounds of coffee. opportunity cost for chocolate 40/80 = 1/2 opportunity cost for coffee is 80/20 = 2 Without Trade Totals - John and Todd produce 120 pounds of chocolate, and 120 pounds of coffee. Who Should Produce and…arrow_forwardSuppose there exist two imaginary countries, Sequoia and Denall. Their labor forces are each capable of supplying four million hours per week that can be used to produce almonds, shorts, or some combination of the two. The following table shows the amount of almonds or shorts that can be produced by one hour of labor. Almonds Country (Pounds per hour of labor) Sequoia Denall Suppose that initially Denall uses 1 million hours of labor per week to produce almonds and 3 million hours per week to produce shorts, while Sequoia uses 3 million hours of labor per week to produce almonds and 1 million hours per week to produce shorts. As a result, Sequola produces 12 million pounds of almonds and 16 million pairs of shorts, and Denall produces 6 million pounds of almonds and 36 million pairs of shorts. Assume there are no other countries willing to engage in trade, so, in the absence of trade between these two countries, each country consumes the amount of almonds and shorts it produces.…arrow_forward
- Country A can produce one Outfit in 6 hours and one unit of Corn in 2 hour. Country B can produce one Outfit in 17 hours and one unit of Corn in 6 hours. Which of the following statements is true? Group of answer choices A) If trade opens, Country B will tend to specialize in the production of Outfits while A will tend to specialize in the production of Corn – then gains from trade would typically be possible. B) Country B has a comparative advantage in Corn and will specialize in the production of Corn if trade opens. C) Country B has an absolute advantage in the production of both Corn and Outfits. D) None of the other options. E) If trade opens, Country A will tend to specialize in the production of Outfits while B will tend to specialize in the production of Corn – then gains from trade would typically be possible.arrow_forwardWhat is the opportunity cost of obtaining more of one good, as it relates to the production possibilities frontier? the amount of the other good that must be given up the market price of the additional amount produced the amount of resources that must be devoted to its production the number of dollars that must be spent to produce itarrow_forwardConsider two neighboring island countries called Bellissima and Felicidad. They each have 4 million labor hours available per week that they can use to produce corn, jeans, or a combination of both. The following table shows the amount of corn or jeans that can be produced using 1 hour of labor. Country Corn Jeans (Bushels per hour of labor) (Pairs per hour of labor) Bellissima 8 16 Felicidad 5 20 Initially, suppose Bellissima uses 1 million hours of labor per week to produce corn and 3 million hours per week to produce jeans, while Felicidad uses 3 million hours of labor per week to produce corn and 1 million hours per week to produce jeans. Consequently, Bellissima produces 8 million bushels of corn and 48 million pairs of jeans, and Felicidad produces 15 million bushels of corn and 20 million pairs of jeans. Assume there are no other countries willing to trade goods, so, in the absence of trade between these two countries, each country consumes the amount…arrow_forward
- Assume that England and Spain can switch between producing cheese and producing bread at a constant Labor Hours Needed to Make 1 Unit of Number of Units Produced in 24 Hours Cheese Bread Cheese Bread England 2 3 12 8 Spain 3 6 8 4 Assume that England and Spain each has 24 labor hours available. If each country divides its time equally between the production of cheese and bread, then what will be the total production of Cheese and Bread? Check to see if the following combination of Chease and Bread could be produced in England. 6 units of cheese and 4 units of bread. 8 units of cheese and 3 units of bread.arrow_forwardSuppose that Sandy can produce 10 economic reports or make 2 sales calls. Suppose Tim can produce 2 economic reports or make 1 sales call. Which of the following is CORRECT? The opportunity cost for Tim of producing one sales call is 1/2 of an economics report. The opportunity cost for Sandy of producing one sales call is 10 economics reports. The opportunity cost for Sandy of producing one economics report is 1/5 of a sales call. The opportunity cost for Tim of producing one economics report is 2 sales calls.arrow_forwardComparative and absolute advantage Elijah and Aneesha are farmers. Each one owns an 18-acre plot of land. The following table shows the amount of zucchini and watermelon each farmer can produce per year on a given acre. Each farmer chooses whether to devote all acres to producing zucchini or watermelon or to produce zucchini on some of the land and watermelon on the rest. ZucchiniWatermelon(Pounds per acre)(Pounds per acre)Elijah123Aneesha186arrow_forward
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