PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS(LOOSELEAF)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781260110920
Author: Frank
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 2, Problem 1P
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Country X and Country Y are neighbours. Both Country X and Country Y can produce two goods: food and
clothing. In one week, Country X can produce 4,400 clothing units or 2,200 food units, or a mix of the
two. In one week, Country Y can produce 5,000 clothing units or 2,000 food units, or a mix of the two.
For both Country X and Country Y, their individual trade-offs between clothing units and food units are
constant, regardless of how they allocate their time. Currently, Country X produces 2,400 clothing units
and 1,000 food units per week while Country Y produces 2,500 clothing units and 1,000 food units per
week.
a. How is absolute advantage different from comparative advantage?
b. Which country has the absolute advantage in food production? Which country has the absolute
advantage in clothing production? Briefly explain.
Help please
Level 2: Opportunity Cost, Comparative Advantage, and Specialization
You have decided to specialize in gathering firewood while Friday has specialized in fishing. Your time allocation sliders are set to allocate all of your time to gathering firewood. Now, use the additional sliders to state how many logs you will trade to Friday and how many fish you want in return. You must select a trade that make both you and Friday better off than you were before specialization and trading. In other words, you must both receive more than 2000 calories of fish and 32 logs of firewood. Both you and Friday’s consumption point is displayed on the PPF graphs as you adjust the trade.
There is a bar for me to slide over for fish and firewood for the number of hours (12 ohours total to be be used between both)
part C and D needed only
Consider the Production Possibility Frontiers of two countries, Australia and Brazil. Assume both have linear PPFs and the two countries both produce the same two goods: fruits and grain.
Given its resources, Australia can produce either 2 units of grain per day or 1 unit of fruits; Brazil can produce either 5 units of grain or 4 units of fruits. (You may, for your own use, find it helpful to draw the Production Possibilities Frontiers for each country, though these won't be included in the answers you provide in you online responses.)
a. If there were no trade, what would be the local price of fruits in each country, measured in units of grain?
b. If trade is allowed, which country will export fruits and which country will export grain (if any)?
c. What are the gains from trading a unit of fruit if the international price of fruit is equal to the average of the local prices in the two countries?
d. How are the gains from trade distributed? Comment…
Chapter 2 Solutions
PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS(LOOSELEAF)
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- Isabella and Antonio are auto mechanics. Isabella takes 4 hours to replace a clutch and 2 hours to replace a set of brakes. Antonio takes 6 hours to replace a clutch and 2 hours to replace a set of brakes. State whether anyone has an absolute advantage at either task and, for each task, identify who has a comparative advantage. Instructions: Enter your responses rounded to two decimal places. The opportunity cost of replacing a set of brakes for Isabella is The opportunity cost of replacing a set of brakes for Antonio is has a comparative advantage in brake replacement. has a comparative advantage in clutch replacement. V has an absolute advantage in brake replacement. V has an absolute advantage in clutch replacement. Antonio Isabella Neither Isabellaarrow_forwardIsabella and Antonio are auto mechanics. Isabella takes 8 hours to replace a clutch and 6 hours to replace a set of brakes. Antonio takes 4 hours to replace a clutch and 2 hours to replace a set of brakes. State whether anyone has an absolute advantage at either task and, for each task, identify who has a comparative advantage. Instructions: Enter your responses rounded to two decimal places. The opportunity cost of replacing a set of brakes for Isabella is The opportunity cost of replacing a set of brakes for Antonio is has a comparative advantage in brake replacement. has a comparative advantage in clutch replacement. has an absolute advantage in brake replacement. has an absolute advantage in clutch replacement. Antonio Isabella Antonio Antonioarrow_forwardNancy and Bill are auto mechanics. Nancy takes 4 hours to replace a clutch and 6 hours to replace a set of brakes. Bill takes 6 hours to replace a clutch and 8 hours to replace a set of brakes. State whether anyone has an absolute advantage at either task and, for each task, identify who has a comparative advantage. Instructions: Enter your responses rounded to two decimal places. The opportunity cost of replacing a set of brakes for Nancy is The opportunity cost of replacing a set of brakes for Bill is (Click to select) has a comparative advantage in brake replacement. (Click to select) has a comparative advantage in clutch replacement. (Click to select) has an absolute advantage in brake replacement. (Click to select) has an absolute advantage in clutch replacement.arrow_forward
- Currently Bob is producing 8 apples and 9 peppers, while John is producing 3 apples and 3 peppers. If they instead specialized based on comparative advantage, the total number of peppers and apples would change by how much?arrow_forwardWith its given resources, Nicaragua can produce either 20 thousand pounds of chicken or 80 thousand pounds of quinoa per year. Costa Rica can produce either 100 thousand pounds of chicken or 200 thousand pounds of quinoa per year. Suppose the countries completely specialize and they decide to trade 14 thousand pounds of chicken for 42 thousand pounds of quinoa. After trade, Nicaragua will consume thousand pounds of chicken and thousand pounds of quinoa. After trade, Costa Rica will consume thousand pournds of chicken and thousand pounds of quinoa. Round to the nearest whole number.arrow_forwardVega and Sentra are two countries that both produce chicken and vegetables. In Vega each worker in a one-hour period can produce either 9.05 pounds of chicken or 5.76 pounds of vegetables. In Sentra each worker in a one-hour period can produce either 25.49 pounds of chicken or 8.17 pounds of vegetables. Suppose both countries have constant opportunity cost of production and decide to specialize and exchange. The country that specializes in vegetables is willing to sell 19 pounds of vegetables for at least pounds of chicken. Enter a numerical value, rounded to two decimal places.arrow_forward
- In one day, Dahyun can produce 20 cakes or 40 brownies, and Sana can produce 25 cakes or 125 brownies. Suppose Dahyun and Sana each specialize in producing the good in which they have a comparative advantage. Select the statement that is TRUE for the following terms of trade: trade 1 cake for 7 brownies a Dahyun loses but Sana gains b Dahyun gains but Sana loses c Dahyun gains but Sana is neither better nor worse off (i.e. she is indifferent) d Both Dahyun and Sana are better offarrow_forwardNancy and Bill are auto mechanics. Nancy takes 6 hours to replace a clutch and 4 hours to replace a set of brakes. Bill takes 6 hours to replace a clutch and 8 hours to replace a set of brakes. State whether anyone has an absolute advantage at either task and, for each task, identify who has a comparative advantage.Instructions: Enter your responses rounded to two decimal places.The opportunity cost of replacing a set of brakes for Nancy is ? The opportunity cost of replacing a set of brakes for Bill is ? Who has a comparative advantage in brake replacement? Who has a comparative advantage in clutch replacement? Who has? an absolute advantage in brake replacement? Who has an absolute advantage in clutch replacement?arrow_forwardQ2. Suppose that there are two countries (A and B) and two goods (a labor-intensive good X, textile, and a capital-intensive good Y, electronics). The two countries have identical demand for the two goods but different labor and capital endowments. Suppose (Px/Py)A < (Px/Py)B in autarky. Identify the capital-abundant country and the labor-abundant country, respectively. Use a PPF-indifference-curve graph to identify the autarky equilibrium for country B. In the same graph, show country B's gains from trade when the two countries trade at a level of Px/Py that is between the two countries' autarky price ratios. In the above graph, identify the trade triangle (including export and import quantities) for country B. What would be the effect of trade on country B's relative nominal wage rate, i.e., the ratio of nominal wage rate relative to nominal capital rental rate (w/r)? Illustrate your answer graphically. Your answer:arrow_forward
- When a country has a comparative advantage in the production of a good, it means that it can produce this good at a lower opportunity cost than its trading partner. Then the country will specialize in the production of this good and trade it for other goods. The following graphs show the production possibilities frontiers (PPFS) for Yosemite and Congares. Both countries produce corn and lentils, each initially (ie, before specialization and trade) producing 6 million pounds of corn and 3 million pounds of lentils, as indicated by the grey stars marked with the letter A. LENTILS (MEns of pounds 0 0 194 2 Yout 4 10 CORN (Mof pounds) 14 16 LENTILS (Mons of pounds 0 2 Yosemite has a comparative advantage in the production of production of comparative advantage. After specialization, the two countries can produce a total of comm. Conger L 10 12 COHN (Mof pounds) 14 16 (?) conn while Congaree has a comparative advantage in the -Suppose that Yosemite and Congaree specialize in the production…arrow_forwardIf country A uses all of its resources efficiently, it can produce a maximum of 100 units of good X. If country A uses all of its resources efficiently, it can produce a maximum of 150 units of good Y. If country B uses all of its resources efficiently, it can produce a maximum of 75 units of good X. If country B uses all of its resources efficiently, it can produce a maximum of 125 units of good Y. Both countries have (linear) straight line PPFs. What is the opportunity cost of producing 50 units of Y in country B? (hint: your answer should be measured in the positive number of units of good X that must be given up - round your answer to two decimal places only if necessary)arrow_forwardIf country A uses all of its resources efficiently, it can produce a maximum of 100 units of good X. If country A uses all of its resources efficiently, it can produce a maximum of 150 units of good Y. If country B uses all of its resources efficiently, it can produce a maximum of 75 units of good X. If country B uses all of its resources efficiently, it can produce a maximum of 125 units of good Y. Both countries have (linear) straight line PPFs. If these countries were going to trade after specializing in their respective comparative advantages, which of the following trades would be considered to be mutually beneficial where BOTH countries gain from trade (and are strictly better off than in autarky, the situation where they both self-reliant and do not trade with one another)? trade at a rate of 3X for 4Y trade at a rate of 2X for 3Y trade at a rate of 5X for 8Y trade at a rate of 3X for 5Yarrow_forward
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