Sustainable Energy
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781337551663
Author: DUNLAP, Richard A.
Publisher: Cengage,
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Chapter 2, Problem 16P
To determine
Find the amount of
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Consider a 400-MW, 32 percent efficient coal-fired power plant that uses cooling water withdrawn from a nearby river (with an upstream flow of 10-m3/s and temperature 20 °C) to take care of waste heat. The heat content of the coal is 8,000 Btu/lb, the carbon content is 60% by mass, and the sulfur content is 2% by mass.
How much electricity (in kWh/yr) would the plant produce each year?
How many pounds per hour of coal would need to be burned at the plant?
Estimate the annual carbon emissions from the plant (in metric tons C/year).
If the cooling water is only allowed to rise in temperature by 10 °C, what flow rate (in m3/s) from the stream would be required?
What would be the river temperature if all the waste heat was transferred to the river water assuming no heat losses during transfer?
Estimate the hourly SO2 emissions (in kg/h) from the plant assuming that all the sulfur is oxidized to SO2 during combustion.
An average American consumes approximately 105 kJ of energy per day. The average life expectancy of an American is 77.9 years.
How much coal would need to be burned to provide enough energy to meet a person's energy demands if the efficiency of energy production from coal is 38%?
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A 1000 MW coal fired power plant (30% efficiency). The coal is 75% carbon and has a heat content of 10, 000 BTU/lb. What is the carbon emission (ton carbon per year)?A 1000 MW natural gas plant (45% efficiency). The gas is CH4 with a heat content 800 BTU/mol. What is the carbon emission (ton carbon per year)?Calculate carbon emission reduction if the above natural gas plant is used to replace the coal fired plant.(Here ton is metric ton, 1 ton=2,200 lb)
Chapter 2 Solutions
Sustainable Energy
Ch. 2 - A quantity has a doubling time of 110 years....Ch. 2 - The population of a particular country has a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 4PCh. 2 - Prob. 5PCh. 2 - The total world population in 2012 was about 7...Ch. 2 - The population of a state is 25,600 in the year...Ch. 2 - The population of a country as a function of time...Ch. 2 - Prob. 9PCh. 2 - Prob. 10PCh. 2 - Prob. 11P
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- Write an expression for the ratio for ideal combustion of any alkane fuel with chemical formula CxH2x+2. You are essentially looking for a simple function f(x) that satisfies the following relation for any value of x (see attach pic). Show that your function f(x) works for the following alkanes: a. Methane – CH4 b. Ethane – C2H6 c. Propane – C3H8arrow_forward1) Heating the water in a 55-gallon water heater requires about 2.0 x 103 kJ of energy. a) Assume the energy came from natural gas with 80% efficiency; how many grams of natural gas are required? b) Assume the energy came from electricity with 80% efficiency and that the electricity was produced from the combustion of coal with 30% efficiency; how many grams of coal are required? For problem above, calculate how much CO2 in grams is emitted to the atmosphere. For a: Use the balanced equation for the combustion of methane (CH4) to determine how many grams of CO2are produced from the amount of natural gas required. For b: Assume that coal produces 5.25 kJ of energy per gram of CO2 produced. Calculate how much CO2 in grams is produced.arrow_forwardThe Bunsen burner in your labs are fueled by natural gas, which is mostly methane, CH4. The thermochemical equations for the combustion of methane (burning in oxygen) is: CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) ➔ CO2(g) + 2 H2O (g) ΔH = – 890.3 kJ/mole Calculate ΔH in kJ when 5.00 g CH4 react with an excess oxygen.arrow_forward
- Question 4 2.5 pts Nitrogen gas can be combined with oxygen to form nitric oxide (NO) as shown in the following chemical reaction: N2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 NO (g) When the reaction is in equilibrium, the concentration of N2, O2 and NO are 280 g/L, 640 g/L, and 750 g/L, respectively. If the concentration of oxygen gas dropped to half, calculate the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in g/L when the system returns to equilibrium. (N=14, O=16 g/mol) Enter your final answer with 2 decimal places.arrow_forwardCellulose is to be burned in a waste to energy facility. The chemical equation for cellulose is C6H10O5. The atomic weights of C, H, and O are 12, 1, and 16, respectively. The ideal equation for the combustion of cellulose is C6H10O5 +6O2à6CO2 + 5H2O. Calculate the stoichiometric oxygen necessary for the combustion of cellulose. Calculate the stoichiometric air supply. The air is 23.15% oxygen by weight. If the facility operates at 1.5 tons/hour at 100% excess air. How much air is required?arrow_forwardIt has been suggested that carbon dioxide emissions should be taxed at $30 per metric ton (106 g C). Removal of CO2 from the atmosphere would be worth the same amount. Assume that the atmospheric mixing ratio of CO2 is 400 ppm. What is the value of the carbon in 1 cubic kilometer (km3) of air at Earth’s surface? Calculate the value of all the CO2 in Earth’s atmosphere? [Hints: The total atmospheric mass is 5.1480×1018 kg and it is composed of 80% N2 and 20% O2.arrow_forward
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