Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 19, Problem 4TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: HIV/AIDS stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome. This is an immunodeficiency disease that is caused by a class of retrovirus (the virus that has RNA genome and converts RNA to DNA). This disease lowers down the immunity of the body by attacking the helper-T cells and makes the individual prone to several infections.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
A positive-strand RNA virus:
a.must first be converted to a mRNA before viralproteins can be translated
b.is not recognized by host ribosomes.
c.can directly translate viral proteins.
d.will be degraded by host enzymes.
e.needs RNA dependent RNA polymerase to get converted into mRNA
Which of the following is a commonality between coxsackievirus A16 infection and a varicella zoster infection?Choose one:
A. Both infections are caused by viruses in the herpes family.
B. Each disease is usually mild and self-limiting in children but is more severe in adults.
C. Both viruses can cause a spotted rash to appear on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
D. There is a vaccine available for both viruses.
Why are vaccines and/or passive immunization the method of choice in the
treatment or prevention of viral infections?
A. There are no known inhibitors to reverse transcription
B. Viruses are non-living and do not have their own genetic mechanisms to reproduce
by themselves hence host cells must rely on targeting the virus or their products.
C. Antibodies prevent replication of viral genome
D. Antibodies prevent transcription and translation of viral genomes
E. All of these
Chapter 19 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1CSCh. 19.2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 19.2 - Viral Reproductive Cycles Concept Check: From the...Ch. 19.4 - Genetic Properties of Bacteria Core Skill:...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 19.4 - Genetic Properties of Bacteria Concept Check:...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 19.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 19.5 - Prob. 1EQCh. 19.5 - Prob. 2EQ
Ch. 19.5 - Gene Transfer Between Bacteria CoreSKILL The gene...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 19.5 - Gene Transfer Between Bacteria Core Skill:...Ch. 19.5 - Gene Transfer Between Bacteria Concept Check: Is...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1TYCh. 19 - The characteristics of viral genomes show many...Ch. 19 - During viral infection, attachment is usually...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4TYCh. 19 - Prob. 5TYCh. 19 - Prob. 6TYCh. 19 - Prob. 7TYCh. 19 - Prob. 8TYCh. 19 - Prob. 9TYCh. 19 - Prob. 10TYCh. 19 - How are viruses similar to living cells, and how...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2CQCh. 19 - Prob. 3CQCh. 19 - Prob. 1COQCh. 19 - Prob. 2COQ
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- We are confronted with a new RNA virus that uses x-proteins to attach to host cells and primarily infects liver cells. Based on this we would expect: (2 answers only) a. possible latent infections b. viral susceptibility to valacyclovir c. viral suspeptibility to RNA->RNA pol inhibitor d. symptoms of hepatitsarrow_forwardAntigenic drift refers to: A.The reassortment of genomic segments from different viruses B.Cytotoxic T cells identifying viral infected host cells C.The accumulation of mutations in the viral genome due to an error prone polymerase D.Antigen presenting cells failure to recognize the influenza virusarrow_forwardAll of the following statements about polioviruses are correct except _____. a. Poliovirus vaccines are produced in both inactivated and live-attenuated forms. b. The oral poliovirus vaccine is composed of three liveattenuated viral strains. c. Poliovirus infects both humans and cattle. d. If genetic reversion of strain 3 occurs when the virus is replicating in vaccinated people, pathogenesis may occur. e. In the United States, the recommended vaccine for poliovirus is the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV).arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements are correct for DNA viruses? Mark all that apply. A.The genome consists of dsRNA B. A provirus stage occurs during viral replication C. The genome consists of two identical strands of DNA D. Replication requires reverse transcriptase Replication requires DNA polymerase E.The viral DNA must enter the nucleus for its replication F. Uncoating must occur for the virus to be replicated G.The viral genome acts as a template for production of viral proteinsarrow_forwardSymptoms of viral infections are caused by: (choose all that apply) A. Actions of the virus that result in cell damage or death B. Actions of the immune system that result in cell damage or death C. Changes in a cell's genetics that result in cancerarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are correct for RNA viruses? Mark all that apply. A.Replication requires reverse transcriptase B. Uncoating must occur for the virus to be replicated C.The genome consists of two identical strands of ssRNA D.Replication requires RNA dependent RNA polymerase E. The viral DNA acts as a template for production of viral proteins F.Protease enzyme is required for biosynthesis and maturation of virions G. A provirus stage occurs during viral replicationarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is not true? Select one: a. Viruses multiply inside living cells using viral - mRNA, tRNA & ribosomes. b. Viruses multiply inside living cells. c. Viruses contain DNA or RNA. d. The nucleic acid of a virus is surrounded by a protein coat. e. Viruses cause the synthesis of specialized infectious elements.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the most likely explanation for an individual who lacks CCR5 as a result of a homozygous defect in the CCR5 gene becoming infected with HIV? a. The mutated CCR5 genes reverted to the normal form, rendering macrophages susceptible to macrophagetropic HIV variants. b. The macrophage-tropic HIV variant entered host cells using CD4 alone. c. The viral nucleic acid alone was taken up by cells, as in cell transformation by bacterial DNA. d. The individual had received a transplant of HIV-infected cells expressing normal CCR5. e. The primary infection involved a lymphocyte-tropic strain of HIV that used CXCR4 as its co-receptor.arrow_forwardIn order for a +ssRNA virus to undergo replication, it first needs to ________. a. translate -ssRNA from viral DNA. b. transcribe a copy of -ssRNA c. have RNA polymerase make copies directly from +ssRNA d. transcribe +ssRNA from host DNA e. translate viral proteins from the +ssRNA strand directlyarrow_forward
- Find the wrong information about virus attachment and absorption to host cell. A. The surface capsid proteins of naked viruses bind to a specific cell receptor on host cell. B. For enveloped viruses, the spikes are responsible for binding to a specific cell receptor. C. A cell lacking a receptor for a specific virus is not infected by that virus. D. Animal viruses, such as HIV are highly specific and they can only infect particular cell types. E. All of these are true.arrow_forwardIdentify the statement that does not provide accurate evidence as to why HIV is so lethal. a. During the course of infection, HIV increases immune activation by altering intestinal physiology to let more microbes into the blood supply. b. Immune evasion increases in many infections due to HIV virions evolving new and unrecognizable epitopes (antigens). c. In many individuals the virus population evolves to use different receptors to gain access to a greater diversity of host immune cells. d. HIV causes enhanced replication and proliferation of T cells, which allows the immune system to work better at defending against pathogens.arrow_forwardWe now have at least three SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 vaccines approved by the FDA for use in the United States. These vaccines cause cells in the body to make the spike protein that is on the surface of the virus, and subsequently, stimulate an antibody response to this antigen. A. What do these antibodies do to prevent infection by SARS-CoV-2? How do they interact with the virus particles? B. Which kind of cells in the immune system are responsible for synthesizing these antibodies?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education