Organic Chemistry - Standalone book
Organic Chemistry - Standalone book
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780073511214
Author: Francis A Carey Dr., Robert M. Giuliano
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 19, Problem 23P
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given parts are to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

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The formation of esters from carboxylic acids is taken place if it reacts with alcohols in the presence of an acid.

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This reaction is known as Fischer esterification.

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The intramolecular esterification of γ, and δ -hydroxycarboxylic acids lead to the formation of five- and six-membered lactones respectively.

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Arrange these compounds in order of increasing boiling point (values in °C are -42, -24, 78, and 118). (a) CH,CH,OH (b) CH,OCH, (c) CH,CH,CH, (d) CH,COOH
The cis ketone A is isomerized to a trans ketone B with aqueous NaOH. A similar isomerization does not occur with ketone C. (a) Draw the structure of B using a chair cyclohexane. (b) Label the substituents in C as cis or trans, and explain the difference in reactivity.
1) The carbon-oxygen double bond present in aldehydes and ketones is very polar. What does this mean and how does it arise? 2) The carbon-oxygen double bond is readily attacked by nucleophiles like cyanide ions or ammonia.           (i) What do you understand by the term nucleophile?           (ii) Which part of the carbon-oxygen double bond is attractive to nucleophiles? 3) Why is there a difference between aldehydes and ketones in their response to oxidizing agents such as potassium dichromate(VI) solution acidified with dilute sulfuric acid?
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