Universe: Stars And Galaxies
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781319115098
Author: Roger Freedman, Robert Geller, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 19, Problem 10Q
To determine
The reason behind Earth becoming inhospitable to life long before the Sun turns into a red giant.
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Which of the following statements about various stages of core nuclear burning (hydrogen, helium, carbon, etc.) in a high-
mass star is not true?
A. As each stage ends, the core shrinks and heats further.
B. Each successive stage creates an element with a higher atomic number and atomic mass number.
C. As each stage ends, the reactions that occurred in previous stages continue in shells around the core.
D.Each successive stage lasts for approximately the same amount of time.
3. a) Explain how it is possible for the core of a red giant to contract at the same time that its
outer layers expand. b) What is the asymptotic giant branch? Where is it located on a
Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram? Describe how asymptotic giant branch stars differ
from main-sequence stars and stars on the red giant branch.
You discover a binary star system in which one member is a 15 solar-mass main-sequence star and the other star is a 10
solar-mass giant. Why should you be surprised, at least at first?
A. It doesn't make sense to find a giant in a binary star system.
B. The two stars in a binary system should both be at the same point in stellar evolution; that is, they should either both
be main-sequence stars or both be giants.
C. The two stars should be the same age, so the more massive one should have become a giant first.
D. The odds of ever finding two such massive stars in the same binary system are so small as to make it inconceivable
that such a system could be discovered.
E. A star with a mass of 15 solar-mass is too big to be a main-sequence star.
Chapter 19 Solutions
Universe: Stars And Galaxies
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- There is a mass–luminosity relation because a. hydrogen fusion produces helium. b. stars expand when they become giants. c. stars support their weight by making energy. d. the helium flash occurs in degenerate matter. e. all stars on the main sequence have about the same radius.arrow_forwardWhich of the following binary star systems cannot exist? A. A 1 solar-mass main sequence star and a 4 solar mass red giant with a size 100 times smaller than the orbital distance. B. A 15 solar-mass main sequence star and a 10 solar mass red giant with a size 100 times smaller than the orbital distance. C. A 1 solar-mass main sequence star and a 4 solar-mass main sequence star. D. A 2 solar-mass main sequence star and a 1 solar mass red giant with a size a few times smaller than the orbital distance.arrow_forwardAssume that when a certain main sequence star becomes a giant gas, its luminosity increases from L to 1000 L and its radius also increases from R to 1000 R. If the initial surface temperature is T, what approximately is the final surface temperature? A. 0.032 T B. 0.18 T C. 0.0010 T D. 0.010 Tarrow_forward
- 1. a) What are brown dwarfs? b) What are T Tauri stars?arrow_forwardA star with a radius 1.7 times that of the Sun has a surface temperature T=10,000 K. Calculate the luminosity of this star and express your answer in units of the Solar luminosity (the Solar luminosity = 3.84 x 1026 W and the Solar radius = 7 x %3D 108 m). Choose the option below that most closely matches your answer. Select one: а. 20 O b. 100. O C. 26. O d. 5. O e. 1000arrow_forwardAll massive main sequence stars reside in clouds of glowing gas. The four powerful stars in the center of the Orion Nebula are good examples. Lower mass stars like the Sun generally don't have clouds of gas around them. a. Why do powerful stars reside in gas clouds? b. What is making the gas glow exactly? For the last question, refer to the surface temperature of these stars, and to Wien's Law.arrow_forward
- As a white dwarf cools, its radius will not change because a. pressure resulting from nuclear reactions in a shell just below the surface keeps it from collapsing. b. pressure does not depend on temperature for a white dwarf because the electrons are degenerate. c. pressure does not depend on temperature because the white dwarf is too hot. d. pressure does not depend on temperature because the star has exhausted all its nuclear fuels. e. material accreting onto it from a companion maintains a constant radius.arrow_forward4. Suppose we observe a binary star system in which one star is much more massive than the other and both are on the main sequence. We measure that the smaller star orbits the larger at a distance of 10¹3 m with a speed of 10 m/s. a. What is the mass of the larger star? b. Which star has a higher luminosity? c. Which has a larger radius? d. Which is hotter?arrow_forwardA group of graduate students, bored during a cloudy night at a the observatory, begin to make bets about the time different stars will take to evolve. If they have a cluster of stars which were all born roughly the same time, and want to know which star will become a red giant first, which of the following stars should they bet on? a. a star that would type O on the main sequence star b. a star about 1/2 the mass of our sun c. a star about 8% the mass of our sun d. all stars reach the red giant stage in roughly the same number of yearsarrow_forward
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