Principles of Human Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134169804
Author: Cindy L. Stanfield
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 18.3, Problem 18.2.1QC
Indicate whether the GFR will tend to rise or fall in response to an increase in each of the following: the glomerular filtration pressure, the glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure, the glomerular capillary osmotic pressure, the hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's capsule, the osmotic pressure in Bowman's capsule, the concentration of proteins in the plasma.
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Given: Inulin is freely filtered in the glomerulus and not secreted nor reabsorbed in any appreciable amount at the nephron. If the concentration of inulin in the urine is 20 mg/mL, the concentration in blood plasma is 0.2 mg/mL plasma, and the rate of urine flow is 1 mL/min.
a. What is GFR for this person?
(Answer part a)
Calculate net filtration pressure given the following values: glomerular hydrostatic pressure = 50 mm Hg, blood colloid osmotic pressure = 25 mm Hg, capsular hydrostatic pressure = 20 Hg.
Changes in blood pressure ( MAP ) have the potential to alter glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) by directly changing which of the following factors below ? glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure glomerular osmotic pressure Bowman's capsule osmotic pressure
Chapter 18 Solutions
Principles of Human Physiology (6th Edition)
Ch. 18.2 -
Describe the symptoms that indicate the presence...Ch. 18.2 - What treatments are available for removing or...Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 18.2 - Prob. 18.1.1QCCh. 18.2 - Prob. 18.1.2QCCh. 18.2 - Prob. 18.1.3QCCh. 18.2 - Prob. 18.1.4QCCh. 18.3 - Indicate whether the GFR will tend to rise or fall...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 18.2.2QCCh. 18.3 -
Is the control of afferent and efferent...
Ch. 18.3 -
Describe the barriers for reabsorption and...Ch. 18.3 -
Describe the general mechanism of water...Ch. 18.3 -
Define the terms transport maximum and renal...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 18.3 - Prob. 2CTQCh. 18.3 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 18.5 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 18.5 - Prob. 2CTQCh. 18.5 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.4.1QCCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.4.2QCCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.4.3QCCh. 18.5 -
Describe the innervation of the bladder,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 1ECh. 18 -
Which of the following is not one of the...Ch. 18 - Which type of specialized junction connects...Ch. 18 - Which of the following does not favor a large...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5ECh. 18 - Prob. 6ECh. 18 - Which of the following would occur if mean...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8ECh. 18 - Prob. 9ECh. 18 - Prob. 10ECh. 18 -
Micturition occurs in response to
a Relaxation...Ch. 18 - The (ureter/urethra) carries urine from the...Ch. 18 - Urinary excretion is the elimination of urine from...Ch. 18 -
The (afferent/efferent) arteriole carries blood...Ch. 18 - Prob. 15ECh. 18 - Prob. 16ECh. 18 - Prob. 17ECh. 18 - Prob. 18ECh. 18 - Prob. 19ECh. 18 - Prob. 20ECh. 18 - Prob. 21ECh. 18 - Prob. 22ECh. 18 -
Substances that are reabsorbed move into the...Ch. 18 - An increase in the flow rate through the macula...Ch. 18 -
Glucose reabsorption occurs primarily in the...Ch. 18 -
Describe the pathway of filtrate flow from the...Ch. 18 - Explain why the glomerular filtration rate does...Ch. 18 - Prob. 28ECh. 18 - Explain the concept of transport maximum. Why does...Ch. 18 - Prob. 30ECh. 18 - Prob. 31ECh. 18 - Prob. 32ECh. 18 - Prob. 33ECh. 18 -
Compare the responses of the smooth muscle in...
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- A urinalysis reveals that the patients urine contains glucose, hemoglobin, and white blood cells (pus). Are any of these substances abnormal in urine? Explain.arrow_forwardA patient comes to your medical practice with complaints of low urine output (not peeing). You use inulin to calculate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the following information: Plasma level (P – constant over 24 hours): 10 mg/mL inulin. Urine sample (U): 144 mg inulin/mL urine. Urine formation (V): 10 mL/min. Using the fromula GFR=V ✕ U/P, you calculate a GFR of ... A) 144mL/min.. B) 14400 mL/min. C) 144 min./mL. D) 144 g mannitol/min.arrow_forwardGiven: The concentration of glucose in the blood is 1 mg/mL. This person then decides to go for a brisk run, which doubles GFR. a. What effect will this have on the amount of inulin and glucose present in their urine? Why? (answer a )arrow_forward
- Explain the role of renin-angiotensin - aldosterone pathway in restoring blood pressure and fluid balance. Include the stimulus for release, the pathway that is involved, and the physiological effects of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Answer should include: Identify stimulus/change that starts the pathway (i.e. Identify the direction of change IN BP or circulating fluid status) What happens in the juxtaglomerular cells? Clue: what stimulus causes the release of renin? Explain action of renin - what protein does it act on? What is it converted to? Which enzymes converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2? What are the actions of angiotensin 2? Clue: stimulates adrenal context to produce what? And what effect does angiotensin 2 have on blood vessels? What causes reabsorption of Na into blood ? What effect does this have on blood volume? How is BP restored ? Explain how this relates to equation for BP ( BP= CO x TPR)arrow_forwardDescribe the factors that influence glomerular filtration pressure and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).arrow_forwardOne model of the glomerular membrane is a microporous membrane in which right cylindrical pores penetrate all the way through the membrane. Assume that the pores have a length of 50 nm and a radius of 3.5 nm. The viscosity of plasma is 0.002 Pa s. The average hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus is 60 mm Hg, hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's space is 20 mm Hg and the average oncotic pressure of glomerular capillary blood is 28 mm Hg. A. Calculate the flow through a single pore assuming laminar flow (use the Poiseuille flow equation) B. How many pores would there have to be to produce a normal GFR? C. If the total aggregate area of the kidneys for filtration is 1.5 m2, what is the density of the pores (number of pores per unit area)? D. What fraction of the area is present as pores?arrow_forward
- Describe how net filtration is calculated and be sure to include the pressure associated with the Net filtration pressure. Be sure to include exact values of each pressurearrow_forwardWhich of the following would decrease glomerular filtration rate? (More than one answer may be correct) Increased blood pressure Increased solute concentration in the bowman capsule Increased solute concentration in the blood Increased ADH In the ascending loop of henle, more water will flow: From filtrate to interstitial fluid From interstitial fluid to filtrate From capillaries to filtrate From filtrate to capillaries There is no net flowarrow_forwardThe normal glomerular filtration rate in the following results is: 1) 2 ml/min, 2) 125 ml/min 3) 800 ml/min 4) 1,200 ml/minarrow_forward
- Describe the effects of atrial natriuretic peptide on the glomerular filtration rate.arrow_forwardGive the 4 factors affecting the urine volume in physiological system. Explain how each factor affects the volume of urine.arrow_forwardExplain the anatomical features that create high glomerular capillary blood pressure and explain why this blood pressure is significant for urine formation.arrow_forward
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