Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 18.2, Problem 5CC
WHAT IF? Ø Suppose you compared the
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How can one most effectively silence the myofilament gene unc-22 in C. elegans to produce the twitching phenotype?
O A. Screen thousands of strains for a spontaneous unc-22 mutation
O B. Soak worms in mutagenic solutions of EMS and screen the progeny
OC. Inject antisense strands of unc-22 RNA into worm ovaries, which will be taken up by germ line cells and expressed in progeny
O D. Inject a high dose of unc-22 MRNA into worm ovaries, which will be taken up by germ line cells and expressed in progeny
O E. Culture worms with E. coli transformed with a plasmid that codes for a dsRNA unc-22 construct
. An interesting mutation in lacI results in repressorswith 110-fold increased binding to both operator andnonoperator DNA. These repressors display a “reverse”induction curve, allowing β-galactosidase synthesis inthe absence of an inducer (IPTG) but partly repressingβ-galactosidase expression in the presence of IPTG. Howcan you explain this? (Note that, when IPTG binds a repressor, it does not completely destroy operator affinity,but rather it reduces affinity 110-fold. Additionally, ascells divide and new operators are generated by thesynthesis of daughter strands, the repressor must findthe new operators by searching along the DNA, rapidlybinding to nonoperator sequences and dissociating fromthem.)
a. Would you expect a cell to continue or to stopdividing at a nonpermissive high temperature if itis a temperature-sensitive Ras mutant whose protein product is fixed in the GTP-bound form atnonpermissive temperature?b. What would you expect if you had a temperaturesensitive mutant in which the Ras protein staysin the GDP-bound form at high temperature?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 18.1 - How does binding of the trp corepressor to the trp...Ch. 18.1 - Describe the binding of RNA Polymerase,...Ch. 18.1 - WHAT IF? A certain mutation in E. coli changes...Ch. 18.2 - In general, what are the effects of histone...Ch. 18.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Speculate about whether the same...Ch. 18.2 - Compare the roles of general and specific...Ch. 18.2 - Once mRNA encoding a particular protein reaches...Ch. 18.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose you compared the nucleotide...Ch. 18.3 - Compare miRNAs and siRNAs, including their...Ch. 18.3 - WH AT IF? Suppose the mRNA being degraded in...
Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 18.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS As you learned in Chapter 12,...Ch. 18.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Explain how the signaling...Ch. 18.4 - How do fruit fly maternal effect genes determine...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 18.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18.5 - Under what circumstances is cancer considered to...Ch. 18.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The p53 protein can activate...Ch. 18 - Compare and contrast the roles of a corepressor...Ch. 18 - Describe what must happen in a cell for a gene...Ch. 18 - Why are miRNAs called noncoding RNAs? Explsin how...Ch. 18 - Describe the two main processes that cause...Ch. 18 - Compare the usual functions of proteins encoded by...Ch. 18 - If a particular operon encodes enzymes for making...Ch. 18 - Muscle cells differ from nerve cells mainly...Ch. 18 - The functioning of enhancers is an example of (A)...Ch. 18 - Cell differentiation always involves (A)...Ch. 18 - Which of the following is an example of...Ch. 18 - What would occur if the repressor of an inducible...Ch. 18 - Absence of bicoid in mRNA from a Drosophila egg...Ch. 18 - Which of the following statements about the DNA in...Ch. 18 - Within a cell, the amount of protein made using a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 18 - draw it The diagram below shows five genes,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 18 - SCIENCE. TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Trace amounts of...Ch. 18 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS In a Short essay...Ch. 18 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE The flashlight fish has...
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- Alignment of protein sequences from the HOX gene family identifies a highly conserved domain in the C-terminal part of the protein that is a domain (one acronym and one word). Although Hox genes have important roles during embryogenesis and tissue differentiation, the different HOX proteins bind to very similar DNA (one word) that are rich in the bases and (one word each). To ensure high affinity binding to (one acronym) and specific regulation of target (one word), the HOX proteins form complexes with (two words).arrow_forwardSearching the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, researchers found approximately 4,000 DNA sites with a sequence which could potentially bind the yeast transcription factor GAL4. GAL4 activates the transcription of galactose genes. Yet there are only 10 GAL4-binding sites which control the genes necessary for galactose metabolism. The GAL4 binding sequence is CGGAT#AGAAGC*GCCG, where # is T, C or G, and * is C or T. In one chromatin immunoprecipitation experiment (ChIP), yeast growing on galactose were lysed, and subjected to cross-linking reagents which cross-linked transcription factors and activators to DNA. Next the DNA was sheared into small fragments, and antibodies to GAL4 were added. These antibodies coprecipitated the GAL4 and the DNA it was cross-linked to. The cross-linking was then chemically reversed, and the DNA was isolated, cloned into a library of plasmids and sequenced. Results showed that only 10 different DNA sequences had GAL4 bound. Since the…arrow_forward. Let’s say that you have incredible skill and can isolate the white and red patches of tissue from the Drosophila eyes shown in Figure 12-24 in order to isolate mRNA from each tissue preparation. Using your knowledge of DNA techniques from Chapter 10, design an experiment that would allow you to determine whether RNA is transcribed from the white gene in the red tissue or the whitetissue or both. If you need it, you have access to radioactive white-gene DNAarrow_forward
- Strength 22. You are analyzing a new human neuronal enhancer. You cloned the enhancer in front of a minimal promoter, transfected a neuronal cell line, and quantified GFP expression. You then performed the deletion analysis shown on the right. Which letter designates the minimal region where enhancer activity is located? min. Novel enhancer prom. GFP of expression +++ +/- +++ +/- +++ a. a b. b C. C +++ +/- d. d e. both b and c are neededarrow_forwardDiscuss the method and experiments where Simplifying Protein Expression with myTXTL is usedarrow_forwardWHAT IF? Since the results support a role for mouse FOXP2 invocalization, you might wonder whether the human FOXP2 protein is akey regulator of speech. If you were given the amino acid sequences ofwild-type and mutant human FOXP2 proteins and the wild-type chimpanzee FOXP2 protein, how would you investigate this question? What furtherclues could you obtain by comparing these sequences to that of the mouseFOXP2 protein?arrow_forward
- 4e. You also study the expression of 3 different mutants for this gene. For each mutant answer the following: Does this mutation change the sequence of the protein produced? Why or why not? If it does change the sequence of protein be sure to write out the new sequence. If it does not change the protein sequence, what effect (if any) would you expect it to have on expression of the gene? 1 20 ORI 40 60 5'...TTCGAGCTCTCGTCGTCGAGATACGCGATGATATTACTGGTAATATGGGGATGCACTATC...3' 3' ...AAGCTCGAGAGCAGCAGCTCTATGCGCTACTATAATGACCATTATACCCCTACGTGATAG...5' * promoterarrow_forward1. - Which factor(s)/protein(s) would you expect to occur at positions C and G ? (name them) 2. - Would you expect e1, e2, or e3 to be an enhancer for gene t? (explain briefly) 3. - Which genes would you expect to be most likely regulated by enhancer e1? (explain briefly) 4. - In this example genes t - x are expressed but genes y and z are not transcribed. At which position would you expect to see a sharp transition between the chromatin marks H3K27me3 and H3K36me3? (name the position, A - I).arrow_forward4e. You also study the expression of 3 different mutants for this gene. For each mutant answer the following: Does this mutation change the sequence of the protein produced? Why or why not? If it does change the sequence of protein be sure to write out the new sequence. If it does not change the protein sequence, what effect (if any) would you expect it to have on expression of the gene? 1 20 ORI 40 60 5'..TTCGAGCTCTCGTCGTCGAGATACGCGATGATATTACTGGTAATATGGGGATGCACTATC...3’ 3'...AAGCTCGAGAGCAGCAGCTCTATGCGCTACTATAATGACCATTATACCCCTACGTGATAG...5’ promoter i. Mutant A has a single base pair substitution with the T/A being replaced with C/G base pair at position 35 (position denoted by the * in the sequence above). ii. Mutant B has a 2 G/C pairs inserted between position 19 and 20 (position denoted by the ^ in the sequence above).arrow_forward
- Examining Figure 11-21, what effect do you predict trpAmutations will have on trp mRNA expression?arrow_forwardBased on the given scenario, tell whether structural genes are expressed (YES) or not expressed (NO) 1. LacY is deleted (YES/NO) 2. LacI is deleted (YES/NO) 3. TrpR is deleted (YES/NO) 4. Promoter sequence is deleted (YES/NO) 5. lactose is present in the environment; glucose is absent (YES/NO) 6. tryptophan is absent in the environment (YES/NO) 7. operator is deleted (YES/NO)arrow_forwardEnhancer RPA Gene A Use the diagram above, which depicts a chromosomal region less than 500,000 bp, to determine the expression of each gene under the scenarios specified in the table. Regulatory promoters are indicated by "RP". Genes A, B, and C have intermediate expression when no regulatory proteins are bound. Complete the table by choosing high, intermediate, or low to describe the expression level of each gene under each specified scenario (i and ii). No regulatory proteins bound (i) A repressor binds to RPA and an activator binds to RPC (ii) A regulatory protein binds at each of the activator, insulator, and silencer. Expression of A? Intermediate 1. [Select] 4. [Select] Insulator RPB Expression of B? 2. Gene B Intermediate 5. [Select] [Select] Silencer RPC Expression of C? 3. Gene C Intermediate 6. [Select] [Select]arrow_forward
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