Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18.2, Problem 4CC
Once mRNA encoding a particular protein reaches the cytoplasm, what are four mechanisms that can regulate the amount of the protein that is active in the cell?
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Ribosomes in the cytoplasm capture mRNA that can be translated into an enzyme for the lysosome. a) Explain what happens from the time the enzyme begins to form in the cytoplasm until it ends up in the lysosome and also explains how the enzyme is transported to the lysosome?
When regulatory protein binds to a mature mRNA in the cytoplasm and prevents it from binding to a ribosome, this is an example of:
A) transcriptional control
B) post-transcriptional control
C) post-translational control
D) epigenetic control
E) translational control
Define, explain, and differentiate between, the processes of transcription and translation. What enzymes or sub-cellular structures are responsible for carrying out these processes?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 18.1 - How does binding of the trp corepressor to the trp...Ch. 18.1 - Describe the binding of RNA Polymerase,...Ch. 18.1 - WHAT IF? A certain mutation in E. coli changes...Ch. 18.2 - In general, what are the effects of histone...Ch. 18.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Speculate about whether the same...Ch. 18.2 - Compare the roles of general and specific...Ch. 18.2 - Once mRNA encoding a particular protein reaches...Ch. 18.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose you compared the nucleotide...Ch. 18.3 - Compare miRNAs and siRNAs, including their...Ch. 18.3 - WH AT IF? Suppose the mRNA being degraded in...
Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 18.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS As you learned in Chapter 12,...Ch. 18.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Explain how the signaling...Ch. 18.4 - How do fruit fly maternal effect genes determine...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 18.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18.5 - Under what circumstances is cancer considered to...Ch. 18.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The p53 protein can activate...Ch. 18 - Compare and contrast the roles of a corepressor...Ch. 18 - Describe what must happen in a cell for a gene...Ch. 18 - Why are miRNAs called noncoding RNAs? Explsin how...Ch. 18 - Describe the two main processes that cause...Ch. 18 - Compare the usual functions of proteins encoded by...Ch. 18 - If a particular operon encodes enzymes for making...Ch. 18 - Muscle cells differ from nerve cells mainly...Ch. 18 - The functioning of enhancers is an example of (A)...Ch. 18 - Cell differentiation always involves (A)...Ch. 18 - Which of the following is an example of...Ch. 18 - What would occur if the repressor of an inducible...Ch. 18 - Absence of bicoid in mRNA from a Drosophila egg...Ch. 18 - Which of the following statements about the DNA in...Ch. 18 - Within a cell, the amount of protein made using a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 18 - draw it The diagram below shows five genes,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 18 - SCIENCE. TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Trace amounts of...Ch. 18 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS In a Short essay...Ch. 18 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE The flashlight fish has...
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- Ribosomes in the cytoplasm (cytosol) capture mRNA that can be translated into an enzyme (in this case a protease) to the lysosome. a) Describe what happens from the time the enzyme (protease) begins to form in the cytoplasm until it end up in the lysosome and explain how the enzyme is transported to the lysosome.arrow_forwardDefine enhanceosome.arrow_forwardWhat is the pathway of a protein secreted from the cell. The protein is N-linked with glycosylation modifications.The starting point is when the mRNA attaches to the ribosome. What is the signal sequence for the protein?arrow_forward
- List three potential organelle destinations for a free ribosome (cytosolic-produced) protein via transmembrane protein translocation:arrow_forwardDefine the role of mRNA localization and translational control ?arrow_forwardIs there any complementarity between DNA and a transcribed mRNA? In which direction is the mRNA synthesized?arrow_forward
- Define both transcription and translation. In addition, describe the role(s) of each of the following in the processes of gene expression and protein synthesis: DNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, ribosome(s), RNA polymerase, codon, anticodon, amino acid(s) and polypeptide(s). Be detailed in your answer.arrow_forwardStarting from the mRNA that is produced and released into the cytosol, describe in detail how the protein is translated and where this occurs. Protein: Beta Hexoaminidase Final Location in the cell: Lysosomearrow_forwardWhat serves as the controlled factors (give three factors), dependent variable and independent variable for the process of transcription and translation?arrow_forward
- a) What is the role of the lysosome in degrading proteins? What are the enzymes that degrade/hydrolyze proteins? How does the further degradation of amino acids occur?arrow_forwarddescribe the process of lysosomal hydrolase arriving to the lysosome. without including translationarrow_forwardAssume that during the process of creating the SHH protein an error was made. Instead of producing a 462-amino-acid-long protein, you only make a 20-amino-acid-long protein. Assume the error is detected in the Golgi apparatus. Will this protein be exported into the extracellular space? If your answer is no, what will happen to this protein?arrow_forward
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