Chapter 18.1, Problem 1PPC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The addition of water and hydronium ions or hydroxide ions to the chemical equations is permissible in this chapter as part of the balancing process has to be explained

Concept introduction:

A chemical reaction can be symbolically represented by a chemical equation. In which reactants were written on left hand side and product were written on right hand side, both of them were connected by an arrow. According to law of conservation of mass, no atom can be created nor can it be destroyed.

Steps followed to balance a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction occurs in acidic medium,

• Redox reacions can be sperated into two half-reactions, such as oxidation reaction and reduction reaction.
• Balancing of oxygen and hydrogen are carried out by adding water and ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ ions in the half-reactions, and balance the number of elctrons then make the number of electrons in oxidation and reduction reactions equal by multiplying by integers.
• Club the both half-reactions.

Steps followed to balance a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction occurs in basic medium,

• Redox reacions can be sperated into two half-reactions, such as oxidation reaction and reduction reaction.
• Balancing of oxygen and hydrogen are carried out by adding water and ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ ions in the half-reactions, and balance the number of elctrons then make the number of electrons in oxidation and reduction reactions equal by multiplying by integers.
• Add ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ ions as equals to ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ ions in both sides, and make it as ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$.
• Club the both half-reactions.