Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 7E
Describe what a typical star in the Galaxy would be like compared to the Sun.
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Match the spectral type and luminosity class to theletters shown on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
1) A WD (White Dwarf)2) G V (Main Sequence) 3) M V (Main Sequence)4) M I (Supergiant)5) G III (Giant)
: What does the H-R diagram show? Explain the main sequence of stars.
Using the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram match theletter with the type of star that is located at that position.
1) A class M main sequence star2) A supergiant star3) A red giant star4) Our Sun5) A class O main sequence star6) A white dwarf star
Chapter 18 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 18 - How does the mass of the Sun compare with that of...Ch. 18 - Name and describe the three types of binary...Ch. 18 - Describe two ways of determining the diameter of a...Ch. 18 - What are the largest- and smallest-known values of...Ch. 18 - You are able to take spectra of both stars in an...Ch. 18 - Sketch an HR diagram. Label the axes. Show where...Ch. 18 - Describe what a typical star in the Galaxy would...Ch. 18 - How do we distinguish stars from brown dwarfs? How...Ch. 18 - Describe how the mass, luminosity, surface...Ch. 18 - One method to measure the diameter of a star is to...
Ch. 18 - We discussed in the chapter that about half of...Ch. 18 - Is the Sun an average star? Why or why not?Ch. 18 - Suppose you want to determine the average...Ch. 18 - Why do most known visual binaries have relatively...Ch. 18 - Figure 18.11 shows the light curve of a...Ch. 18 - There are fewer eclipsing binaries than...Ch. 18 - Within 50 light-years of the Sun, visual binaries...Ch. 18 - Which is easier to observe at large distances-a...Ch. 18 - The eclipsing binary Algol drops from maximum to...Ch. 18 - Review this spectral data for five stars. Which is...Ch. 18 - Which changes by the largest factor along the main...Ch. 18 - Suppose you want to search for brown dwarfs using...Ch. 18 - An astronomer discovers a type-M star with a large...Ch. 18 - Approximately 6000 stars are bright enough to be...Ch. 18 - Use the data in Appendix J to plot an HR diagram...Ch. 18 - Use the diagram you have drawn for Exercise 18.25...Ch. 18 - Use the data in Appendix I to plot an HR diagram...Ch. 18 - If a visual binary system were to have two...Ch. 18 - Two stars are in a visual binary star system that...Ch. 18 - Describe the spectra for a spectroscopic binary...Ch. 18 - Figure 18.7 shows the velocity of two stars in a...Ch. 18 - You go out stargazing one night, and someone asks...Ch. 18 - If you were to compare three stars with the same...Ch. 18 - Are supergiant stars also extremely massive?...Ch. 18 - Consider the following data on four stars: Which...Ch. 18 - If two stars are in a binary system with a...Ch. 18 - It is possible that stars as much as 200 times the...Ch. 18 - The lowest mass for a true star is 1/12 the mass...Ch. 18 - Spectral types are an indicator of temperature....Ch. 18 - We can estimate the masses of most of the stars in...Ch. 18 - In Diameters of Stars, the relative diameters of...Ch. 18 - Now calculate the radius of Sirius’ white dwarf...Ch. 18 - How does this radius of Sirius B compare with that...Ch. 18 - From the previous calculations and the results...Ch. 18 - How much would you weigh if you were suddenly...Ch. 18 - The star Betelgeuse has a temperature of 3400 K...Ch. 18 - Using the information provided in Table 18.1, what...Ch. 18 - Confirm that the angular diameter of the Sun of...Ch. 18 - An eclipsing binary star system is observed with...Ch. 18 - If a 100 solar mass star were to have a luminosity...Ch. 18 - If Betelgeuse had a mass that was 25 times that of...
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- Consider the following data on four stars: Which star would have the largest radius? Which star would have the smallest radius? Which star is the most common in our area of the Galaxy? Which star is the least common?arrow_forwardLooking for ___ pcarrow_forwardGlobular clusters contain no stars more massive than the Sun. Which of the following seems like the least reasonable implication of this observation? Group of answer choices Globular clusters are very old. Globular clusters are very young. Only the low-mass stars are still "alive" in the clusters. Many red giants can probably be found in globular clusters. The very massive stars in the globular clusters have already burnt out.arrow_forward
- QUESTION 16 Use the figure shown below to complete the following statement: A low-mass protostar (0.5 to 8M the mass compared to our sun) remains roughly constant in decreases in until it makes a turn towards the main sequence, as it follows its evolutionary track. Protostars of different masses follow diferent paths on their way to the main sequence. 107 Luminosity (L) 10 105 10 107 10² 101 1 10-1 10-2 10-3 Spectral type 0.01 R 0.001 Re 60 M MAIN SEQUENCE 40,000 30,000 20 Mau 10 Mgun 5 Mun 0.1 Run Ren radius; temperature luminosity; radius 3 Min. 05 BO temperature; luminosity Oluminosity: temperature radius: luminosity 1 M 10,000 6000 Surlace temperature (K) 1,000 Rs 2 M STAR L 0.8 M B5 AO FOGO КБ МБ -10 +10 3000 Absolute visual magnitude andarrow_forwardUse the H-R Diagram below to help answer the following questions. Luminosity (solar units) 10,000+ 1,000+ 100+ 10- .01+ .001+ .0001 B White Dwarfs 20,000 B Spectral Type A Main Sequence D 10,000 Temperature (K) FGK Red Giants 5,000 M -5 10 15 Absolute Magnitudearrow_forwardIn the star clusters shown, which one is younger and why?arrow_forward
- What are the on the axes of a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram? (b) Name one thing you can tell about a star from its location in an H-R diagram (Other than luminosity & temperature!) c) Where are most stars located in the diagram?arrow_forwardThe mass-luminosity relation describes the mathematical relationship between luminosity and mass for main sequence stars. It describes how a star with a mass of 4 M⊙ would have a luminosity of ______ L⊙. If a star has a radius 1/2 that of the Sun and a temperature 4 that of the Sun, how many times higher is the star's luminosity than that of the Sun? (If it is smaller by a factor of 8, you would write 0.125 because 1/8=0.125) If a star has a radius 2 times larger than the Sun's and a luminosity 1/4th that of the Sun, how many times higher is the star's temperature than that of the Sun? (If it is smaller by a factor of 8, you would write 0.125 because 1/8=0.125) If a star has a surface temperature 2 times lower than the Sun's and a luminosity the same as the Sun, how many times larger is the star than the Sun? (If it is smaller by a factor of 8, you would write 0.125 because 1/8=0.125)arrow_forwardWhich of the following is least reasonable regarding the mass of stars? Group of answer choices The vast majority of stars fall into the range of 0.08 to 100 solar mass. Stars which are too small cannot sustain nuclear fusion. Stars which are excessively big are too sluggish to sustain nuclear fusion. There are more stars on the low end than on the high end of the mass spectrum. A brown dwarf has a mass just below the least massive star.arrow_forward
- Which star in the HR diagram below has the largest radius? 1060 M 10⁰ 10⁰ 10² 6 10 30 M 10 Solar Radi Lifetime 10 yrs 0.1 Solar Radus 30,000 B Centauri Spica 10M MAIN Bellatrix Lifetime B Deneb Rigal 6M Achemar SEQUENCE Lifetime WHITE SUPERGIANTS Canopus Vega 10 Solar Rad Procyon B 10,000 Srius Lifetime DWARFS Alar Arcturus Procyon Polaris 5 M Littine" 10 yrs S 1M Cet AFG 6,000 GIANTS Centauri A Pollux Centaur B Eridan Antares Aldebaran K Betelgeuse Barnard's Star 61 Cyani A 61 Cyani B Lacalle 9352 0.3M Gliese 725 A Gliese 725 8 Wolf 359 Proxima Centauri M Ross 128 DX Cancri 3,000arrow_forwardIf the main-sequence mass lower limit is 0.08 solar mass and the brightest main-sequence stars are 1 million times more luminous than the Sun, what is the mass range along the main sequence in the figure below? (answer in solar masses)arrow_forwardIf the RR Lyrae stars in a globular cluster have average apparent magnitudes of +19, how far away (in pc) is the cluster? (Hints: See the following figure, and use the magnitude-distance formula: d = 10(mv - My+5)/5.) Туре (Classical) Cepheids 104 103 Туре II Cepheids 102 RR Lyrae stars 0.3 1 10 30 100 Pulsation perlod (days) pc Absolute magnitude Luminosity, L L.arrow_forward
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