Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399074
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 12, Problem 64IL
Calculate the lattice energy of CaCl2 using a Born-Haber cycle and data from Appendices F and L and Table 7.5.
TABLE 7.5 First, Second, and Third Ionization Energies for the Main Group Elements in Periods 2–4 (kJ/mol)
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Suppose a chemist discovers a new metallic element and names it "Xercisium" (Xr). Xr exhibits chemical behaviour similar to an alkaline earth.
Xr(s) + Cl2(g) → XrCl2(s)
Lattice energy for XrCl2
-2020. kJ/mol
First Ionization energy of Xr
500. kJ/mol
Second Ionization energy of Xr
950. kJ/mol
Electron affinity of Cl
-348.7 kJ/mol
Bond energy of Cl2
239 kJ/mol
Enthalpy of sublimation (atomization) of Xr
200. kJ/mol
Use the above data to calculate ΔH°f for Xercisium chloride.
Suppose a chemist discovers a new metallic element and names it "Xhaustium" (Xh).Xh exhibits chemical behaviour similar to an alkaline earth.
Xh(s) + F2(g) → XhF2(s)
Lattice energy for XhF2
-2140. kJ/mol
First Ionization energy of Xh
310. kJ/mol
Second Ionization energy of Xh
589 kJ/mol
Electron affinity of F
-327.8 kJ/mol
Bond energy of F2
154 kJ/mol
Enthalpy of sublimation (atomization) of Xh
150. kJ/mol
Use the above data to calculate ΔH°f for Xhaustium fluoride.
Your answer must be accurate and precise to the nearest 1 kJ/mol, as are the given parameters.
3. the enthalpy of sublimation at 25 c is 148
kJ/mole. how much heat (at constant
temperature and pressure) must be
supplied to 1.00 g of solid magnesium metal
to produce a gas composed of mg2+ ions
and electrons? molar mass of magnesium is
24.31 g/mole.
Sublimation Mg- Mgo
AH =+148 KJ/mole
First ionization Mge- Mg*e +e AH=+ 738 KJ/mole
Second ionization Mge- Mg*o+e AH=+1451 KJ/mole
Overall (sum) Mg)-Mg"@+2e
AH= ?
Chapter 12 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Ch. 12.1 - (a) Determining an Atom Radius from Lattice...Ch. 12.2 - If an ionic solid has an fcc lattice of anions (X)...Ch. 12.2 - Potassium chloride has the same unit cell as NaCl....Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 1.1ACPCh. 12.6 - Describe the unit cell of lithium (see Figure).Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 1.3ACPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 1.4ACPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 2.1ACPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 2.2ACPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 2.3ACP
Ch. 12.6 - How many tin atoms are contained in the tetragonal...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 3.2ACPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 3.3ACPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 3.4ACPCh. 12 - Outline a two-dimensional unit cell for the...Ch. 12 - Outline a two-dimensional unit cell for the...Ch. 12 - A portion of the crystalline lattice for potassium...Ch. 12 - The unit cell of silicon carbide, SiC, is...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5PSCh. 12 - Rutile, TiO2, crystallizes in a structure...Ch. 12 - Cuprite is a semiconductor. Oxide ions are at the...Ch. 12 - The mineral fluorite, which is composed of calcium...Ch. 12 - Calcium metal crystallizes in a face-centered...Ch. 12 - The density of copper metal is 8.95 g/cm3. If the...Ch. 12 - Potassium iodide has a face-centered cubic unit...Ch. 12 - A unit cell of cesium chloride is illustrated in...Ch. 12 - Predict the trend in lattice energy, from least...Ch. 12 - Prob. 14PSCh. 12 - To melt an ionic solid, energy must be supplied to...Ch. 12 - Which compound in each of the following pairs...Ch. 12 - Prob. 17PSCh. 12 - Prob. 18PSCh. 12 - Considering only the molecular orbitals formed by...Ch. 12 - Prob. 20PSCh. 12 - Prob. 21PSCh. 12 - Prob. 22PSCh. 12 - Prob. 23PSCh. 12 - Prob. 24PSCh. 12 - Prob. 25PSCh. 12 - Prob. 26PSCh. 12 - Prob. 27PSCh. 12 - Prob. 28PSCh. 12 - A diamond unit cell is shown here. Unit cell of...Ch. 12 - The structure of graphite is given in Figure...Ch. 12 - We have identified six types of solids (metallic,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 32PSCh. 12 - Classify each of the following materials as...Ch. 12 - Prob. 34PSCh. 12 - Benzene, C6H6, is an organic liquid that freezes...Ch. 12 - The specific heat capacity of silver is 0.235 J/g ...Ch. 12 - Prob. 37PSCh. 12 - Prob. 38PSCh. 12 - Prob. 39PSCh. 12 - If your air conditioner is more than several years...Ch. 12 - Sketch a phase diagram for O2 from the following...Ch. 12 - Tungsten crystallizes in the unit cell shown here....Ch. 12 - Silver crystallizes in a face-centered cubic unit...Ch. 12 - The unit cell shown here is for calcium carbide....Ch. 12 - The very dense metal iridium has a face-centered...Ch. 12 - Vanadium metal has a density of 6.11 g/cm3....Ch. 12 - Prob. 47GQCh. 12 - Prob. 48GQCh. 12 - Prob. 49GQCh. 12 - Consider the three types of cubic units cells. (a)...Ch. 12 - The solid-state structure of silicon is shown...Ch. 12 - The solid-state structure of silicon carbide is...Ch. 12 - Spinels are solids with the general formula AB2O4...Ch. 12 - Using the thermochemical data below and an...Ch. 12 - Prob. 55GQCh. 12 - Prob. 56GQCh. 12 - Prob. 57GQCh. 12 - Prob. 58GQCh. 12 - Prob. 59GQCh. 12 - Prob. 60GQCh. 12 - Like ZnS, lead(II) sulfide, PbS (commonly called...Ch. 12 - CaTiO3, a perovskite, has the structure below. (a)...Ch. 12 - Potassium bromide has the same lattice structure...Ch. 12 - Calculate the lattice energy of CaCl2 using a...Ch. 12 - Why is it not possible for a salt with the formula...Ch. 12 - Prob. 67SCQCh. 12 - Prob. 68SCQCh. 12 - Prob. 69SCQCh. 12 - Phase diagrams for materials that have allotropes...
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- Using the standard enthalpy of formation data in Appendix G, calculate the bond energy of the carbon-sulfur double bond in CS2.arrow_forwardUsing the bond energies in Table 7.2, determine the approximate enthalpy change for each of the following reactions: (a) Cl2(g)+3F2(g)2ClF3(g) (b) H2C=CH2(g)+H2(g)H3CCH3(g) (c) 2C2H6(g)+7O2(g)4CO2(g)+6H2O(g) .arrow_forwardConsider the reactions of silver metal, Ag(s), with each of the halogens: fluorine, F2(g), chlorine, Cl2(g), and bromine, Br2(l). What chapter data could you use to decide which reaction is most exothermic? Which reaction is that?arrow_forward
- Arrange the following series of compounds in order of increasing lattice energies. (a) NaBr, NaCl, KBr (b) MgO, CaO, CaCl2 (c) LiF, BeF2, BeOarrow_forwardFor which of the following substances is the least energy required to convert one mole of the solid into separate ions? (a) MgO (b) SrO (c) KF (d) CsF (e) MgF2arrow_forwardSuppose a chemist discovers a new metallic element and names it "Xtrinsium" (Xt). Xt exhibits chemical behaviour similar to an alkaline earth. Xt(s) + F2(g) → XtF2(s) Lattice energy for XtF2 -2360. kJ/mol First Ionization energy of Xt 520. kJ/mol Second Ionization energy of Xt 936 kJ/mol Electron affinity of F -327.8 kJ/mol Bond energy of F2 154 kJ/mol Enthalpy of sublimation (atomization) of Xt 180. kJ/mol Use the above data to calculate ΔH°f for Xtrinsium fluoride.arrow_forward
- The lattice energy of NaCl is 769 kJ/mole. Which of the following is a correct statement about NaCl? When one mole each of gaseous Nat and CI- ions form solid NaCl, 769 kJ of heat is consumed. It requires 769 kJ to separate one mole of solid NaCl into one mole of each gaseous Na* and CI- ions. It requires 769 kJ to separate one mole of solid NaCl into gaseous one mole of Na* and two moles of CI- ions.arrow_forwardImagine a metallic element had been discovered and was named "Gondolium" (Gn).Gn was found to exhibit chemistry like that of an alkaline earth. Gn(s) + F2(g) → GnF2(s) Lattice energy for GnF2 -1950. kJ/mol First Ionization energy of Gn 450. kJ/mol Second Ionization energy of Gn 855 kJ/mol Electron affinity of F -327.8 kJ/mol Bond energy of F2 154 kJ/mol Enthalpy of sublimation (atomization) of Gn 195 kJ/mol Use the above data to calculate ΔH°f for gondolium fluoride.arrow_forward2. A 35 g metal ball made up of a mixture of element X and element Y is heated up to 77C and dropped into 20 mL of 15°C water. If the final temperature of the metal ball is 30°C, what percentage of the ball is made up of element X? The specific heat of element X is 0.46 J/g°C and the specific heat of element Y is (0.209 J/g°C).arrow_forward
- 2. A 35 g metal ball made up of a mixture of element X and element Y is heated up to 77°C and dropped into 20 mL of 15°C water. If the final temperature of the metal ball is 30°C, what percentage of the ball is made up of element X? The specific heat of element X is 0.46 J/g°C and the specific heat of element Y is (0.209 J/g"C). 213arrow_forwardd. The energy required to separate the ions in the calcium carbonate crystal lattice into individual calcium and carbonate ions as represented in the table below is known as the lattice energy. As shown in the table, the lattice energy of magnesium carbonate is more than the lattice energy of calcium carbonate. Explain why in terms of periodic properties and Coulomb's law.arrow_forward1. Given the following information, calculate the lattice energy for LiI(s). Show all work and construct a diagram(cycle) that shows each step in the process of forming LiI(s) from gaseous ions.arrow_forward
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